linux下安装Oracle的步骤以及问题的处理方法1.0.0.2

Linux系统下安装Oracle数据库与相关问题处理学习成果汇总版本：_______1.0.0.2________日期：____2014-09-19________1/29目录1.Linux下安装Oracle：21.安装环境................................................................................................................................22.安装步骤................................................................................................................................21、创建Oracle用户........................................................................................................22、修改内核参数/etc/sysctl.conf文件，加上如下参数..............................................23、修改用户限制/etc/security/limits.conf文件，加上下面的参数............................34、修改用户验证选项/etc/pam.d/login文件加上如下参数........................................35、安装目录配置.............................................................................................................46、切换用户su-oracle..................................................................................................42.安装过程中的问题：71.缺省包或者依赖包问题........................................................................................................7Linux下缺省7个包，其中两个包（红色标准）之间有依赖关系：（缺省包全部在linux镜像下）..................................................................................................................7centOS环境下缺省8个包：（缺省包在镜像文件下）...............................................82.vi修改配置文件、配置环境变量无法保存问题...............................................................83.sqlplus:commandnotfound解决方法..............................................................................94.Netca无法启动...................................................................................................................113．Oracle使用过程121.常规命令:............................................................................................................................122.Oracle定时备份..................................................................................................................133.Oracle热备份......................................................................................................................20一、备份前准备工作...................................................................................................20二、数据库备份.............................................................................................................214.Oracle冷备份......................................................................................................................235.数据库使用问题：..............................................................................................................231.Oracle数据库设置为归档模式及非归档模式..........................................................232.监听程序无法启动......................................................................................................243.定时备份问题..............................................................................................................252/294.crontab任务规则设置问题........................................................................................265．EXP数据库备份问题................................................................................................271.Linux下安装Oracle：1.安装环境具体安装过程不再赘述，需要注意的是：安装虚拟机、linux系统、和Oracle数据时，最好三者的的版本一致，例如：vmware32位、linux32位、Oracle32位，这样的话，后续安装、配置过程的问题会少很多。2.安装步骤root用户下所有操作：1、创建Oracle用户#groupaddoinstall#groupadddbacal#useradd-goinstall-Gdbaoracle#passwdoracle2、修改内核参数/etc/sysctl.conf文件，加上如下参数fs.aio-max-nr=1048576fs.file-max=68157443/29kernel.shmall=2097152kernel.shmmax=536870912kernel.shmmni=4096kernel.sem=25032000100128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=900065500net.core.rmem_default=262144net.core.rmem_max=4194304net.core.wmem_default=262144net.core.wmem_max=1048586应用配置#/sbin/sysctl-p3、修改用户限制/etc/security/limits.conf文件，加上下面的参数oraclesoftnproc2047oraclehardnproc16384oraclesoftnofile1024oraclehardnofile655364、修改用户验证选项/etc/pam.d/login文件加上如下参数sessionrequiredpam_limits.so修改用户配置文件/etc/profile文件加入如下参数：4/29if[$USER=oracle];thenif[$SHELL=/bin/ksh];thenulimit-p16384ulimit-n65536elseulimit-u16384-n65536fifi5、安装目录配置#mkdir-p/u01/#chown-Roracle:oinstall/u01/#chmod-R775/u01/chowna+xoracle:oinstall/u01/6、切换用户su-oracle$vi.bash_profile增加以下内容：exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/appexportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracleexportORACLE_SID=orcl5/29exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin保存时，如果越到无法保存，请以root用户登录，执行：chmod666/etc/sysctl.conf(root用户)Oracle用户下操作安装oraclesu–oracle:切换用户切换Oracle程序文件目录执行./runInstaller，此处建议安装时，只安装数据库软件，不安创建实例，因为同时安装软件和实例时，后续出现磁盘空间不够或者虚拟机内存不够。执行脚本[root@oradb~]#/u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh更改权限/u01/oraInventory.添加组的读取和写入权限。删除全局的读取,写入和执行权限。更改组名/u01/oraInventory到oinstall.脚本的执行已完成。[root@oradb~]#/u01/app/oracle/root.shRunningOracle11groot.shscript...Thefollowingenvironmentvariablesaresetas:6/29ORACLE_OWNER=oracleORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracleEnterthefullpathnameofthelocalbindirectory:[/usr/local/bin]:Copyingdbhometo/usr/local/bin...Copyingoraenvto/usr/local/bin...Copyingcoraenvto/usr/local/bin...Creating/etc/oratabfile...Entrieswillbeaddedtothe/etc/oratabfileasneededbyDatabaseConfigurationAssistantwhenadatabaseiscreatedFinishedrunninggenericpartofro