微生物絮凝剂论文：生物絮凝沉淀—生物联合强化垃圾渗滤液处理技术

微生物絮凝剂论文：生物絮凝沉淀—生物联合强化垃圾渗滤液处理技术【中文摘要】垃圾渗滤液是一类浓度高、毒性大的废水,成分复杂,含有大量难降解的有机物,重金属以及COD和NH3-N等物质的含量比较高,水质波动大,是一种较难处理的有机废水。到目前为止,国内外对渗滤液的处理有很多种方法,但对于生物絮凝沉淀-生物联合强化技术的研究较少,利用传统的生物处理法对滤液中的COD和色度的降解率低,而利用生物絮凝沉淀-生物联合强化技术可以有效解决这一难题,以便最大程度地降解水中的污染物,而且微生物絮凝剂本身无毒无害,对人类的健康和环境保护有很重要的现实意义。本文从土壤中分离并筛选出一株具有较高絮凝活性的微生物絮凝剂产生菌,命名为Be-3,通过菌体的形态特征、革兰氏染色以及生化试验结果,初步鉴定Be-3为葡萄球菌属。为了使絮凝剂有效地发挥作用,本文对其培养条件进行了单因素优化,实验结果表明,该菌产生絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为:碳源为10g·L-1乳糖和10g·L-1蔗糖,氮源为0.5g·L-1脲,0.2g·L-1酵母膏和0.5g·L-1硝酸钾,无机盐为2g·L-1磷酸二氢钾、5g·L-1磷酸氢二钾和0.1g·L-1氯化钠,在培养基初始pH为6.5,培养温度为30℃,摇床转速为120140r·min-1的培养箱中培养42h时,对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝活性可达96%以上。为了考察微生物絮凝剂的应用范围,本文采用微生物絮凝沉淀法对1g·L-1的次甲基蓝模拟废水、高岭土模拟废水,腐植酸模拟废水和污泥废水进行处理,实验结果表明该微生物絮凝剂对模拟污水的有很好的处理效果,尤其对浊度的去除率比较高,处理高岭土溶液时,去处率高可达98.2%。选用微波-Fenton法预处理和絮凝沉淀法联合强化处理工艺,对长生桥垃圾渗滤液进行了预处理,当垃圾渗滤液被稀释100倍,调节pH至3.0,微波作用时间为6min,加入8mmol/L的Fe2+溶液8ml,H2O2为1ml时,垃圾渗滤液的NH3-N去除率为55.71%,COD去处率为98.74%,在此基础上进行微生物絮凝沉淀,调节pH为7.0,絮凝剂投加量为1.0ml,并以1.0ml1%的CaCl2为助凝剂,快搅1min,慢搅3min时,垃圾渗滤液中的COD、NH3-N的含量分别为2mg·L-1和0.039mg·L-1。为了获得纯絮凝剂产品,本文采用丙酮法对微生物絮凝剂进行了初步纯化,其产率较高,为38.4mg·L-1,通过微生物絮凝剂的显色实验和红外分析表明,该絮凝主要成分为多糖,有很好的热稳定性,具有良好的工业应用前景。【英文摘要】Landfillleachateisakindofwastewaterwithhighconcentrationandtoxic,whosecompositioniscomplexedandcontainingalotoforganiccompoundswhichisdifficulttobiodegrad,what′smore,therearemanykindsofheavymetal,andtheconcentrationofCODandNH3-Nisveryhigh,whichresulttothelargefluctuationsinthewaterquality.Atpresent,therearemanymethodstotreatthelandfillleachateathomeandabroad,buttheresearchofunitedtechnologiesofbio-flocculantsprecipitationandbioaugmentationtechniquetothetreatmentoflandfillleachateisrare.Intheotherhand,itmayleadtoalowremovalrateofCODandNH3-Nwhenusetraditionalbiologicalprocesstotreatthelandfillleachate,butunitedtechnologiesofbio-flocculantsprecipitationandbioaugmentationtechniquecansolvethisproblemeffectively,whichcandegradethepollutantseffectively,whatismoreimportant,thebioflocculantisnontoxicandharmless,soitisveryimportantforthepeople′shealthandprotectionofenvironment.Inthispaper,thestrainofhigh-efficiencybioflocculant-producting,whichwasnamedBe-3,wasscreenedfromthesoil,anditwasidentifiedtobetheStaphylococcusbytheshapecharacteristicoftheBe-3,andtheresultofgramstaintestandphysiologicalbiochemicaltest.Inordertogetthehighestflocculatingactivities,theoptimalculturingconditionwasstudiedinthepaper.Theresultsoftheexperimentshowthattheoptimalculturingconditionwasasfollows:thecarbonsourceisthecompositionof10g·L-1canesugarand10g·L-1lactose,thenitrogensourceisthecompositionof0.5g·L-1urea,0.2g·L-1yeastextractand0.5g·L-1potassiumnitrate,theinorganicsaltisthecompositionof2g·L-1potassiumdihydrogenphosphate,5g·L-1potassiumphosphatedibasicand0.1g·L-1sodiumchloride.WhentheBe-3wasculturedat30℃withtheinitialpHbeing6.5andtherotationspeed-140r·min-1for42h,theflocculatingactivitiesachievedover96%.Inordertoinvestigationtheapplicationareaofthebioflocculant,bio-Flocculantsprecipitationwasusedtotreatthesimulatedwastewater,suchasmethylenebluesolution,Kaolinsolution,Humicacid,Sludgewastewater,whoseconcentrationis1g·L-1,theresultoferperimentshowthatbioflocculanthaveagoodtreatmenteffectontheturbidityofsimulatedwastewater,theremovalrateofturbidityachieve98.2%tothekaolinsolution.Theunitedtechnologiesofmicrowavefentonprocessandbiofluccentsprecipitationprocesswasselectedtopre-treatthelandfillleachateofchangshengqiaoinChongqing,whenthelandfillleachatewasdilutedto100times,pHwas3.0,microwaveirradiation320Wfor6min,adding8mlFe2+at8mmol·L-1,1mlH2O2,removalrateofCODandNH3-Nwasbest,whichis98.74%and55.71%respectively.Thenthelandfillleachatewastreatedbybiofluccentsprecipitationprocess,andresultagainsttheremovalrateofCODandNH3-Nshowthatthebestflocculationconditionwasasfollows:whenpHis7.0,bioflocculantdosingquantityis1.0ml,1%CaCl2solutiondosingquantityis1.0ml,andmixedthematfastspeed1min,lowspeedatlowspeed3min,theconcertainofCODis2mg·L-1,a-ndtheconcertainofNH3-Nis0.039mg·L-1.Inordertogetthepureproductsofflocculants,thepaperusedacetonetopurifiedthebioflocculantpreliminary,theyieldofflocculantis38.4mg·L-1,theresultofcolorexperimentsandspectrumofbioflocculantshowthatthebioflocculantwasmainlycomposedofpolysaccharide,andwasmorethermostable,whichimpliedthatthebioflocculanthasagoodindustrialprospects.【关键词】微生物絮凝剂垃圾渗滤液联合技术处理效果【英文关键词】microbialflocculentlandfillleachateunitedtechnologiestreatmenteffect【目录】生物絮凝沉淀—生物联合强化垃圾渗滤液处理技术中文摘要3-4英文摘要4-51绪论9-241.1引言91.2垃圾渗滤液的形成及危害9-131.2.1垃圾渗滤液的形成9-101.2.2垃圾渗滤液的危害10-131.3垃圾渗滤液的处理方法13-211.3.1生物法13-161.3.2物理法16-171.3.3生化处理法171.3.4化学处理法17-201.3.5物化处理法20-211.4垃圾渗滤液排放标准211.5存在问题与发展方向21-221.5.1存在的问题21-221.5.2发展方向221.6本文研究目的与内容22-241.6.1研究目的22-231.6.2研究内容23-242材料与方法24-342.1土壤来源242.2培养基24-252.2.1分离培养基24-252.2.2发酵培养基252.2.3生化试验培养基252.3微生物絮凝剂产生菌的培养及筛选25-262.3.1土壤溶液的配制252.3.2涂布25-262.3.3菌体培养262.3.4菌种的分离和纯化262.3.5活性的测定方法262.4絮凝剂产生菌的鉴定26-282.4.1革兰氏染色实验26-272.4.2生理生化实验27-282.5培养条件的优化282.6微生物絮凝剂对各种模拟废水的处理28-302.6.1絮凝率的测定28-292.6.2NH_3-N浓度的测定292.6.3浊度的测定292.6.4COD浓度的测定29-302.7微生物絮凝剂对垃圾渗滤液的处理30-312.7.1稀释倍数的选择30-312.7.2联合工艺的选择312.7.3微波-Fenton法的优化312.7.4垃圾渗滤液絮凝条件的优化312.8微生物絮凝的定性分析31-332.8