lecture1英国文学第一讲

Goodafternoon!September3Nicetostudywithyou!IntroductionAboutmeAboutthecourseAboutbeingmystudentsPersonalDataName:吴玉霞Englishname:StarCharacter:easy-goingbutverystrictContactme:[e-mail]:jxufe123StudyplanCompulsorycourse2credits11weeks,3lessonsaweekRequirementsPresentationTrytositinthefrontseats.SwitchyourphonetovibrationmodeoFullmarks:100=performance20(presence,activity,homework)+test80RequirementsoBepresenteverytime,-1pointforeachabsenceandpunishmentforpoorperformanceinhomeworkorlateness.Askmeforaleaveifyoucan’tcome..3absence=cancelexaminationBepreparedforeachlecture.Team-work,creative,self-disciplined,honestandactiveAnAppreciationofEnglishandAmericanLiterature吴玉霞Whatisliterature?------aboutanythingwritten------theartthatuseslanguageasamedium------aperformanceinwords(RobertFrost)------writtencompositionsthattellstories,dramatizesituations,expressemotions,andanalyzeandadvocateideas.........development:oral--written--printedfictionLiterarygenresnonfictionWhatisfiction(narrativefiction叙述虚构)?Atypeofliteraturethatincludesnovel,novella中篇小说,shortstory,myth,parable寓言,romance,epic史诗、Whatisnonfiction非小说类散文文学?Atypeofliteraturethatincludesbiographies,autobiographies,prose,newsreport,text-books,historicalworks,speechesandsermons说教.WhystudyliteratureHelpusgrowHelpusunderstandtheworldClarifyourownidentityImproveourlanguagecompetencehumanisticqualityTimeline时间轴ofBritishliterature1.Tribal部落的,种族的societyoftheCelts凯尔特人→theRomanconquest→Anglo-Saxons盎格鲁撒克逊人→theNorman诺曼底人Conquest(theoldandMedieval中世纪的period5th-1485)→2.mid-15thtoearly17thc.(theRenaissance)→TimelineofBritishliterature3.17thcentury;18thcentury(theNeoclassicalperiod新古典主义时期,Enlightenment,theriseofnovel)→4.19thcentury(Romanticism浪漫主义,Victorianage,Realism)→5.20thcentury(Naturalism自然主义,Modernism,Post-modernism)AnOutlineofBritishLiterature1.OldandMedievalliterature(5thcentury–1485)2.Renaissanceliterature(mid-15thtoearly17thC.)3.17thcenturyliterature4.Enlightenmentliterature(late17thcentury---middle18thcentury)(theNeoclassicalperiod,Enlightenment,theriseofnovel)5.Romanticliterature(1798-1832).6.Realistliterature(19thC-1918)7.Modernistliterature(20thcenturyEnglishliterature)1.OldandMedievalliterature(5thcentury–1485)Representatives41.1Beowulf(7thcentury)1.2SirGawainandtheGreenKnight(1375-1400)1.3TheCanterburyTales(1400)(Chaucer:fatherofEnglishpoetry)1.4PiersthePlowmanbyWilliamLanglandTheAnglo-SaxonPeriod(449-1066)Background:1.TheBritonsTheEnglishpeopleareofamixedblood.TheearlyinhabitantsintheislandwenowcallEnglandwereBritons,atribeofCelts(凯尔特人).FromtheBritonstheislandgotitsnameofBritian,theislandofBritons.最早居住在阿尔比恩（英国最古老的一种称谓）的土著居民大部分是凯尔特人。在英国人来该岛之前的将近400年里，不列颠一直是罗马帝国统治下的一个省。罗马帝国在公元410年没落后，从阿尔比恩撤军。生活在欧洲大陆的【英国人的祖先朱特人(theJutes)、盎格鲁人(-theAngles)、撒克逊人(Saxons)】，形成一个新的部落，称为日耳曼人（Germanicpeople）,他们开始登陆该岛，征服并进行种族灭绝活动，导致了土著凯尔特人的几近消亡。盎格鲁人(-theAngles)是日耳曼人中较为重要的部落，把阿尔比恩（英国最古老的一种称谓）改名为盎格尔兰德（Angle-land),后来简称为英格兰（England）.使用的语言是盎格鲁-撒克逊语(Anglo-Saxon)，也叫撒克逊语或古英语(OldEnglish),这一时期的文学通常称作古英语文学。LiteratureofAnglo-Saxonperiod:(1)Pagan(异教徒文学):representspoetrywhichtheAnglo-Saxonsprobablybroughtwiththemintheformoforalsagas(传说)-----诗歌为主，口头形式传播(2)Christian（基督教文学）:representsthewritingsdevelopedunderteachingoftheliterarymonks.僧侣们用书面形式创作1.1Beowulf---thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsPoemofOldEnglishBetermedasEngland’sgreatestnationalepic3182linesDescribesthedeedsoftheTeutonic(Germanic)heroBeowulf.Waswrittenbyanunknownscribe被认为是英国现存最早、最完整的民族史诗，其主人公已成了英国人心中的民族英雄Ittellsusastorythatahero,Beowulf,protectshispeoplefrommonsters.Init,paganheroismandfatalismareminglewithChristianqualities.Thepoemconveyspeopleakindofhopethattheevilshouldbepunished,andtherighteouswillalwaysberewarded.N1.epicAnextendednarrativepoeminelevatedordignifiedlanguage,celebratingthefeatsofalegendaryortraditionalhero.史诗：用严肃或庄重的语言写成的叙事长诗，歌颂传奇中或历史上英雄的丰功伟绩NormanPeriod（1066-1350）盎格鲁--诺曼时期(1)Theyear1066:NormanConquest.公元1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉率领的诺曼人在希斯廷战役中，打败盎格鲁--撒克逊人，诺曼底人开始统治英国。(2)Thesocialsituationschangedsoonaftertheconquest.A.Norman-noblesandSaxons-serfs（农奴）;B.restorationofthechurch.2.诺曼征服给文学带来的变化：诺曼文化传入英格兰，大量吸收法语词汇，慢慢形成了现在的英语；英国的政体得到发展，由中央集权政府代替部落；新的文学和新的语言在英国逐渐形成；1.2SirGawainandtheGreenKnight(1375-1400)waswrittenbyanunknownEnglishpoettowardstheendofthefourteenthcentury.1066诺曼底人征服英格兰文学形式：浪漫传奇以亚瑟王和骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢，忠贞，美德。1.3TheCanterburyTales(14C)(Chaucer:fatherofEnglishpoetry)14C，资本主义工商业的发展，英语逐渐恢复声誉。标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。PlaceinBritishliterature:1)“FatherofEnglishpoetry”英语诗歌之父andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEngland2)Forerunnerofheroiccoupletandhumanism3)Thefirstrealisticwriter4)MasteroftheEnglishlanguageChaucer乔叟：TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》TroilusandCriseyde《特罗勒斯和科丽西德》TheRomauntoftheRose《玫瑰罗曼史》翻译法国作品TheHouseofFame《声誉之堂》1.4PiersthePlowmanbyWilliamLanglandItwasasocialprotestfromtheviewpointofacommonmanandalsoenjoyedwidepopularity.2.Renaissanceliterature(mid-15thtoearly17thC.)Background：theElizabethanAgeTheElizabethanperiodbeganwiththeascensionofQueenElizabethIin1558.TheElizabet