学位英语语法重点——虚拟语气虚拟语气(每次考试一般占4-5分)所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小,称为虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句,主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类:假设类型条件从句动词的时态结果主句的动词的时态与现在事实相反if+过去式(be只用were不用was)would/should/might/could+动词原型与过去事实相反ifhad+去过分词would/should/might/could+have+过去分词与将来事实可能相反ifwereto+动词原形ifshould+动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原型一、在条件句中的应用:Ifhehadtime,hewouldcome.如果有时间,他一定来。(已经过去)A.现在事实IwouldcertainlygoifIhadtime.如果我有时间当然去。Ifhewerehere,hemighthelpyou.如果他在这也许帮能你。1、IwouldaskGeorgetolendusthemoneyifI_____him.(C,95年)A.hadknownB.haveknownC.knewD.knowB.过去事实59、IfBob____withus,hewouldhavehadagoodtime.(C,95年)A.wouldcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.hadcomeD.cameC.将来事实wewouldstateathomeifitshouldraintomorrow.IfIweretodotheexaminationIwoulditsomeotherway.注意:⑴条件从句中,如果含有be动词、助动词、情态动词,had,should或动词tohave,可省略if,要倒装,即把这些词放到主语前面。1._____youwerebusy,Iwouldn'thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.(B,96年)A.IfIrealizedB.HadIrealizedC.DidIhaverealizedthatD.AsIrealized57.Hadtheweatherbeengood,thechildren_____outforawalk.(2001)A.hadgoneB.couldhavegoneC.wouldgoD.went答:B.当虚拟语气中含有were,had,should,would等词时,可以省略if,把这些词放在主语之前。ShouldImeether,Iwouldtellher.万一我见到他,我会告诉他的。WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.如果我处在你的位置上,我会做的更好。Hadtheymadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.如果他们准备了的话,他们应该能成功的。本句为和过去的事实相反的虚拟语气,因此选B.32.theadviceofhisfriends,hewouldnothavesufferedsuchaheavylossinhisbusiness.(D,0404)A.IfhetookB.IfheshouldtakeC.WerehetotakeD.Hadhetaken⑵条件从句有时可以用介词短语代替。有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示,而用其它方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with,without,butfor.Wecouldn‘thaveachievedsomuchwithoutyourhelp.要不是你们帮忙我们不会取得这么大的成绩36.Butformyclassmates‘help,Itheworkintime.(D,0404)A.didnotfinishB.couldnotfinishC.willnotfinishD.wouldnothavefinished32.Withoutheatandsunlight,plantsontheearthwell.(A,0411)A.wouldnotgrowB.willnotgrowC.hadnotgrownD.wouldnotbegrown⑵条件从句有时可以用介词短语代替。有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示,而用其它方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with,without,butfor.Wecouldn‘thaveachievedsomuchwithoutyourhelp.要不是你们帮忙我们不会取得这么大的成绩36.Butformyclassmates‘help,Itheworkintime.(D,0404)A.didnotfinishB.couldnotfinishC.willnotfinishD.wouldnothavefinished32.Withoutheatandsunlight,plantsontheearthwell.(A,0411)A.wouldnotgrowB.willnotgrowC.hadnotgrownD.wouldnotbegrown二、以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句,虚拟语气中时态类似在非真实条件从句中时态的应用—时态后移,引导从句的that可以省略⑴表示现在或将来的愿望相反的用过去时:主语+wish+从句(过去时)wereIwish(that)Iwereasyoungasyou.我真希望和你们一样年青Iwish(that)Iknewhisaddress.我真希望知道他的地址与将来的愿望相反即愿望难以实现(用过去将来时),IwishIcouldbeofmoreuseinthefuture.我希望我将来有点用处。⑵表示与过去没有实现的愿望用过去完成时:主语+wish+从句(主语+过去完成时)Iwishedhehadn‘tmadethebigmistake.他要是不犯那个大错误,该有多好!32.Peterwishesthathe___lawinsteadofliteraturewhenhewasincollege.(C,2000)A.couldstudyB.studiedC.hadstudiedD.wouldstudy53.Ididn‘tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.(C,2001)A.wereB.wouldbeC.hadbeenD.willbe三、以suggest,propose,order,command,demand,require,request,insist,desire,advise,ask等词后引导的宾语从句,从句结构为should+动词原形,should可省略Theyrequestedthatthestudents(should)learnthesecondlanguage.他们要求学生要学第二外语。1、ThedoctoradvisedthatMr.Malan____anoperationrightawaysoastosavehislife.A.hadB.wouldhaveC.haveD.wasgoingtohave(C,98年)58、Hismotherinsistedthathe_____thecoatwhengoingout.(A,99年)A.putonB.putsonC.toputD.puttingon答案:D.应改为have.suggest,insist,order,demand,request,command,require等动词引导宾语从句时,要用虚拟语气,谓语动词要should(可以省略)+原形动词。(2002)51.WestronglysuggestthatSmithistoldabouthisphysicalconditionassoonaspossible.答案:C,改为betold,(2003/11)42.Thedoctoradvisedherthatsheenoughrestbeforegoingbacktowork.A.togetB.getC.getsD.got(B,0401)四、在某些主语从句中的虚拟语气⑴Itis…that引导的主语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词,should可以省略。suggest,propose,order,require,desire,ask⑵Itis+形容词+that引导的主语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词,should可以省略。important,necessary,vital,desirable,preferable,advisable,urgent,esseneial,requested,orderedItisstrangethathe(should)gohimself.真奇怪,他怎么自己独自去呢?29、It‘sdesiredthatshe_____toteachusatleasttwiceaweek.(C,97年)A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.maycome43、Itisdesirablethathe_____.(B,2000)A.givesuptryingB.giveuptryingC.wouldgiveuptryingD.isgoingtogiveuptrying45、It‘surgentthatameeting_____beforethefinaldecisionismade.(C,2003)A.willbearrangedB.mustbearrangedC.bearrangedD.wouldbearranged24.It‘svitalthatenoughmoneycollectedtogettheprojectstarted.A.isB.beC.mustbeD.canbe(B,0411)五、在某些表语从句和同位语从句中的应用,形式:should+动词原形,should可省略。表语前及同位语that前的名词:suggestion,proposal,motion,order,request,plan,idea,adviceMysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助其他小组。47.Hersuggestionthateverybody_____wasnotappreciated.(A,同位语从句,2001)A.singasongB.sangasongC.sungasongD.singingasong48.Thegeneral'scommandwasthatthesoldiers_________theirfortandcarryoutmoreimportanttasks.(B,表语从句,2002)A.wouldleaveB.leaveC.leftD.haveleft六、以asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句中⑴表示对现在的情况有所怀疑,动词用过去式1、Hetalksasifhe_____everythingintheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.hadknownD.wouldhaveknown(答B.本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑,用过去时。)2、Youaretalkingasifyouhadseenthem你谈的那么起劲,好像你真的见过似的。(表示想象中的过去的动作)⑵表示对过去的情况有所怀疑,动词用过去分词七、用在由last,forfearthat,incase(免得,以防万一)引导的目的状语从句,表示忧虑或担心。形式:should+动词原型,should不能省略27.Iwroteitdown_________Ishouldforgetit.(2002)A.incaseB.incaseofC.inorderthatD.forfearof答:A.incase:(连词)。本句意思:我写了下来,免得忘了。又如:Keepthewindowclosedincaseitrains.把窗子关好