MarkTwain.

苏粉艳●Hiscontribution&influenceWorksWritingcareerWritingcharacteristics●●●MarkTwainexperiencedAmericafromfreedomcapitalismtoimperialistdevelopment,histhoughtandcreationalsomanifestfromWritingcareerEarlystage：ActiveandlivelyInterimstage：FullofacidandsatiricalsenseEndstage：PessimisticandcynicHebecamefamousforhumorousstoryTheNotoriousJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty《卡拉韦拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》in1865,andbecameanationallyknownhumorist.Hiseralyworks,suchasshortstoriesRunningforGovernor《竟选州长》（1870）、GoldsmithFriendAbroadAgain《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》（1870）etc.HemadefunofAmericanabsurdofdemocraticelectionandessenceofdemocraticparadisebymeansofhumorandwittywriting.Earlystage(1867-1870)\InterimstageSuchasAGildedAgeandTheAdventuresofTomSawyer,withdark,pungent（辛辣的）,andironictone,exposeandcriticizeAmericanspeculation,goldworship,andthedeepsocialrealityandracialdiscrimination.EndstageAttheendof19century,pessimisticstage！AstheU.S.gotintoimperialismstageofdevelopment,someofhisworks,suchasFollowingtheEquator,TheMysteriousStranger,andsoforth.Thepoliticalcriticismgraduallydecreased,anddesperationsomewhatelongated(伸长),WorksTrilogyofMississippi(密西西比河三部曲)Themysteriousstranger《神秘的陌生人》OtherworksTrilogyofMississippi(密西西比河三部曲)LifeontheMississippi《密西西比河上》TheAdventuresofTomSawyer《汤姆索亚历险记》TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》LifeontheMississippi《密西西比河上》Thisworkisamemoir/’memwa:/(回忆录)byMarkTwaindetailinghisdaysasasteamboatpilotontheMississippiRiverbeforeandaftertheAmericanCivilWar.Itisatextbookonthehistory,lifeandGreatRiverduringthe19thcentury.TheAdventuresofTomSawyer《汤姆索亚历险记》ThisnoveltalkedaboutayoungboycalledTomSawyergrowingupalongtheMississippiRiver.Itdescribeschildrenpursuitofnoveltyandadventurelife.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》ThisbookisgenerallyconsideredTwain'sgreatestwork.Twainhadbegunthebookin1876assequeltoTomSawyer.Itdescribestheadventuresoftworunaways--theboyHuckFinnandtheblackslaveJimandhowtosettheslavesfreeandcometrueone’sdreams.Themysteriousstranger《神秘的陌生人》《神秘的陌生人》内容简介:月黑风高之夜，一个不速之客闯入奥地利山区一个小镇。然后，这里发生了一连串扑朔迷离、神秘恐怖事件。陌生人幽灵般忽而献身，忽而现行，他可以让时间倒转，历史重演也可以指点未来，让奇迹出现。他蔑视偶像，指责宗教的虚伪，也扶助无辜。并痛恨人性庸俗的奴性。他浑身闪烁着理想的光辉，带着善良的人类遨游太空，让他们领略到勇于创新、自由自在的人生。Heinsistedthatmandrophisreligiousillusionsanddependuponhimself,notProvidence(神)tomakeabetterworld.他指出人类应该摒弃宗教幻想，依靠自己而不是上帝的力量，去创造一个更加完美的世界。Otherworks:RunningforGovernor《竞选州长》The£1,000,000Bank-Note《百万英镑》TheGildedAge《镀金时代》TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty(hisfirststory)《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》Theinnocentabroad《傻子出国记》TheManThatCorruptedHadleyburg《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》RoughingIt《苦行记》TheAdventuresofTomSawyer《汤姆·索亚历险记》TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》马克·吐温四大名著•Earlystage:Active&humor•Mid-term:Satire（讽刺）•Laterperiod:Pessimistic&desperatelikeasharpweaponWritingcharacteristics1.Hisstylewasprecise,enviable,andwell-crafted.Hewasamasterofirony,turningthetablesonthosemostconfident.Hisearwasfinelyattunedtonuancesofdialectandofthevernacularofdifferentclassesandethnicgroups.Hischaracterswerealiveandfallible.2.Hisjournalisticprosewerefilledwithtersesarcasm.Hisuseoflocalcolorandhistoricalsettingstoilluminateandshedlightoncontemporarysocietyhasservedasacreativeinspirationforgenerationsofwriterstocome.3.Heusedalotofcolloquialidioms（俚语）andcolloquialsyntax（口语）andmadehiswritingfullofallegories（寓言）thatlaybehindthehumor.Hiscontribution&influenceHemadecolloquialspeechanaccepted,respectableliterarymediumintheliteraryhistoryofthecountry.Itsinfluenceisclearlyvisiblein12th-centuryAmericanliterature.马克·吐温口语化影响马克·吐温开创了美国小说口语化的先河。直接受口语化影响的作家有：舍伍德·安德森、海明威、福克纳等。美国诗人T•S•艾略特、庞德、E•E•卡明斯等人的诗歌所表现出的口语化特点，也同马克·吐温的文风有密切关系。T•S•艾略特说他在英美开创了新文风，是“英语的新发现”。肖伯纳认为他是英语的语言大师。福克纳也说：“我认为，马克·吐温是第一个真正的美国作家,我们大家都是他的继承人,我们都是他的胄裔。”至今，在美国，用方言土语叙述故事已成为一个主要的文学传统。MarkTwainwasasocialcriticaswell.Helovedfreedomandjustice,feltaprideinhumandignityandadvocatedbrotherhoodofman.Hehateddespisedmeannessandcruelty.Hiswritingstouchuponalmosteveryissueofhistimesuchaspolitics,religion,slavery,andthepersecutionoftheChineseandtheJews.