NEUROSURGERYWORD

NEUROSURGERYWORDThefollowingisalistofneurosurgerywordswhichappearindiagnosis.脑出血intracerebralhemorrhage，ICH脑干出血brainstemhemorrhage脑梗死cerebralinfart脑梗塞cerebralembolism脑干栓塞brainstemembolism脑血栓形成cerebralthrombosis蛛网膜下腔出血subarachnoidhemorrhage，SAH硬膜外血肿extraduralhematoma；硬膜下血肿subduralhematoma急性(慢性)重型颅脑损伤acute（cronic）severecerebraltrauma急性闭合性颅脑损伤acuteclosedcerebraltrauma急性开放性颅脑损伤acuteopenedcerebraltrauma头皮血肿scalphemorrhage头部外伤inguryofhead脑卒中stroke创伤性脑损伤traumaticbraininjury颅内压intracranialpressure，ICF脑脊液cerebrospinalfluid，CSF血肿hematoma脑疝cerebralhernia癫痫epilepsy癫痫持续状态statusepilepticus，SE抽搐eclampsiaGCS昏迷评分GlasgowComaScalescore瞳孔等大对光反射灵敏pupilsareequalandreactiveTraumaticatlanto-occipitaldislocationA12-year-oldboywasstruckbyacarwhileridinghisbicycleandwasthrownoverthehoodofthecar.Helanded20-25feetawayfromtherearofthevehicle.Atthesceneoftheaccident,thepatientwascombativeandconfusedbutwasabletomoveandspeakpurposefully.Hisradialpulseswerepalpableandhisairwaywasclear.Afterinitialresuscitationandimmobilizationefforts,hewastransferredtothehospital.UponarrivalattheEmergencyDepartment,thepatienthadstablevitalsignsandGlasgowComaScalescoreof12.hispupilswereequalandreactive.Hewasstillcombativeandconfusedbutrespondedtosomequestionsappropriately.Physicalexaminationrevealedadeepscalplacerationintheleftoccipito-parietalregion,aforeheadhematoma,andaswollen,deformed,andtenderleftankle.Hehandmarkedweaknessoftherightupperandlowerextremitiesandapositivebabinskissignontherightside.Thechestandabdomenwereassessedasnormal.Becauseoftheheadiniury,trachealintubationwasperformedimmediatelytosecuretheairway.Alateralradiographofthecervicalspinerevealedanatlanto-occipitaldislocationwithoutanyanteriororposteriordisplacement.Amongotherradiographicstudiesobtained,onlythoseoftheleftankleweresignificant,demonstratingafractureofthetibialepiphysis.Afteradiagnosticperitoneallavage,whichwasgrosslynegativeforintraabdominalbleeding,MRIstudiesoftheheadandneckwereobtained.Noincracerebralorspinaltissueinjurywasnoted.Theleftanklewasplacedinacastaftertheradiologicstudieswerecompleted.Onthefollowingday,atlanto-occipitalfusionwasperformedwithwiringandaboneautograft,andahalovestwasputonthepatient.Hisneurologicconditionimproveddramaticallypostoperatively.At10daysafteradmission,thepatientwastransferredtoanotherhospitalforrehabilitationwithacompletelynormamentalstatusandnoneurologicdeficitotherthanaslightweaknessoftherightlowerextremityandpositivebabinskissigmonthatside.Onfollow-upexamination2monthsaftertheaccident,thepatientwasfoundtohavehadacompleteneurologicrecovery.Case：外伤性寰枕脱位一名12岁男孩在骑自行车时被汽车撞到，人被抛到了汽车的遮光板上，落到了车后20-25英尺的地方。在车祸过程中，患者情绪激动，定向力差，但是可以移动，能主动说话，在现场复苏和固定后，他被送往医院，到达医院急症室后，患者生命体征平稳，GCS评分12分，双瞳等大光反射灵敏。患者仍然情绪激动，定向力差，可回答一些问题，查体发现左顶枕部可见一处头皮裂伤，前额头皮血肿，左踝部肿胀畸形，右侧肢体肌力弱，右侧巴氏征阳性，胸腹未见异常，因头部受外伤，为通畅气道，立即行气管插管术。脊柱颈段侧位片示寰枕脱位，无前后方移位，左踝片示胫骨下端骨折，诊断性腹腔灌洗，表明无腹腔内出血，头颈磁共振表明，无颅内及脊髓损伤，在放射线检查后左踝固定，第二天应用钢丝自体骨行寰枕融合术，并用支具固定患者，术后神经系统症状明显好转，十天后，病人身体恢复正常，右下肢肌力略差，右侧巴氏征阳性，无其他阳性体征，转到其他医院治疗，在接下来两个月后的查体表明，神经系统症状完全康复