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1999,5(Suppl):68~73Chin.J.Appl.Environ.Biol.1999-10-05:1999-05-19:1999-05-28*(No:59678024)(No:596043)胡宝兰郑平冯孝善(310029)(UASB)(anammox),,anammox.,.anammox,anammox,NH4+-N.1577mgL-1d-1.NH4+-NNOX--N,NH4+-N.;;;X172X52STUDYONNOVELBIOLOGICALNITROGENREMOVALPROCESSHUBaolan,ZHENGPing&FENGXiaoshan(DepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection,ZhengjiangUniversity,Hangzhou310029)AbstractAupflowanaerobicsludgebedreactorwasusedasanammoxreactortostartthereactionwithsyn-theticmediumcontainingammoniumandnitrite.Thenitrificationwasstudiedinacontactbioreactorwithsyn-theticmediumasinfluent.Thenovelbiologicalnitrogenremovalsystemwascombinedwiththenitrificationpro-cessandtheanammoxprocess.Inthissystem,averageremovalratesofammoniumandnitritevolumetricwere474mgL-1d-1and505mgL-1d-1,respectively.Thetotalnitrogenloadingremovalratecouldreach1577mgL-1d-1.Thenovelnitrogenremovalsystemexhibitedagreatapplicationinthetreatmentofthewastewatercontainingammoniumofhighconcentration.Keywordsanaerobicammoniumoxidation;nitrification;bioreactor;novelbiologicaldinitrification,,(N2ON2)[1]..,;,,[2].,,[3],,,[4].,,(anammox)[5].anammox[6]:NO2-NO3-,.anammox,COD,.,anammox,NH4+NO2-,anammoxNH4+NO2-N2,;,.anammox,,anammox[7].anammox.anammox,anammox;anammox,.11.1UASBanammox(R2,1).,(h)47cm,(di)6.5cm,(Vt)1.26L,(Vut)0.98L.(d1~3mm).,anammox.(R1,2).,h=60cm,di=6.0cm,Vt=1.46L,Vut=1.26L..1AnammoxFig.1Anammoxfluidizedreactor1(Feedreservoir)2(Feedpump)3(Recyclepump)4Anammox(Anammoxreactor)5(Gas-liquid-solidseparator)6(Effulentreservoir)7(Biogasvolumemeasurement)8(Samplingportforsludge)2Fig.2Fixedbiofilmnitrificationreactor1(Feedreservoir)2(Feedpump)3(Pump)4(Airinghead)5(Softfilling)6(Biofilmreactor)7(Settlingtank)8(Effulentreservoir)9(Samplingportforsludge)1.2anammoxanammox600ml,30,(70mgL-1NH4+-N,70mgL-1NO2--N,pH7.5),.(tHR)2d.,,(420mgL-1NH4+-N,420mgL-1NO2--N),,tHR,anammox.1.3anammoxanammox,,,,,HCP-2.IB-5,,KYKY-1000B.1.4700mL,70mgL-1NH4+-N,30,pH7.5,,DO.NH4+-N,.tHR2d.,NH4+-N(350mgL-1),tHR,,.1.569Suppl:anammox,.,anammox,NH4+-N,NH4+-N.1.6:-[8];:N-(1-)[8];:,7500[8];pH:pHS-9V;(TS),(VS):;(DO):;.22.1anammox2.1.1anammox.,,NitrosomonaseuropaeaNH4+[9];anammox[10].,anammox(),anammox.,,,70mgL-1NH4+-NHCO3-,,,anammox.anammox,,,30d,,.anammox,anam-mox,,anammox(70mgL-1NH4+-N420mgL-1NO2--N)anammox,,.,,70mgL-1NH4+-N70mgL-1NO2--N,anammox.,tHR=2d,.NH4+-N,NH4+-NNO2--N,NH4+-N420mgL-1.34.(),anammox,NH4+-NNO2--N45.8%76.8%(4).(),NH4+-NNO2--N,83.4%93.2%.,NH4+-NNO2--N70mgL-1420mgL-1(3)NH4+-NNO2--N90%99%(4).NH4+-N35.4mgL-1d-1238.6mgL-1d-1,NO2--N88.8mgL-1d-1784.9mgL-1d-1,77.6mgL-1d-1471.4mgL-1d-1.3AnammoxFig.3Ataringupoperationofanammoxreactor4Fig.4Removalrateofanammoxreactor,NH4+NO2-r=1.r=1/1.123,..3,,NH4+-NNO2--N.705(0~10d),,41.6mlL-1d-1.NH4+-NNO2--N,;,16l0mlL-1d-1.2.1.2anammoxNH4+-N420mgL-1,,tHR.90d,tHR2d0.34d,NH4+-N210mgL-1d-11310mgL-1d-1.,NH4+-N99.2%51.1%(5),,,,,anammox,NH4+-N.NH4+-N,anammox,,NH4+-N350mgL-1,tHR0.7d,NH4+-N500mgL-1d-1.NH4+-N90%,NH4+-NtHR,NH4+-N800mgL-1d-1.150d,.NH4+-NNO2--N392mgL-1420mgL-1,.tHR0.5d,NH4+-NNO2--N800850mgL-1d-1,NH4+-NNO2--N752834mgL-1d-1,NH4+-NNO2--N92%97%,1199.8mLL-1d-1.2.1.3anammoxanammox,(6).anammox,.,,,,.5AnammoxFig.5Loadingoperationoftheanammoxreactor6anammoxFig.6Scanningelectronmicroscopeobserationoftheanammoxreactorsludge2.2:30,pH7.5,70mgL-1NH4+-N.71Suppl:,(DO)0.5~2.5mgL-1[11],,(DO)2mgL-1[12].,,DO2mgL-1.,,,.,,NH4+-N,40%~60%.,,NH4+-N.21d,NH4+-N.,3d28mgL-1NH4+-N,NH4+-N350mgL-1.,NH4+-N7mgL-1,.,N0x--N(NO2--N+NO3--N)NH4+-N.,,NH4+-N,50d,.7,8.78NH-2-NNO-3-NNO-x-NFig.7AmmoniumchangesduringnitrifieracclimationFig.8ChangesofNH-2-NNO-3-NNO-x-Nduringnitriferacclimation,anammoxNOx--N,NH4+-N350mgL-1,,tHR,.,tHR2d0.5d,130mgL-1.d620mgL-1d-1,NH4+-N85.3%~95.6%.NH4+-N,350mgL-1,tHR=0.5d,20d.,NH4+-N,(9).:NH4+-N501mgL-1d-1,NH4+-N90.4%,NOx--N293.16mgL-1,anammox.,anam-mox.2.3anammox,.,9Fig.9Loadingoperationofnitrificationreactor550mgL-1d-1,NH4+-NOx--N,NH4+-NNOx--Nr1:5.25.anammox,1molL-1(NH4)2SO4NH4+-N,NH4+-NNOx--Nr1:1;tHR0.5d.,,NH4+-N89.7~92.4%;anammox,NH4+-NNOx--N89.9~94.1%96.1~99.3%;NH4+-N510mgL-1d-1,anammoxNH4+-N474mgL-1d-1,NOx--N505mgL-1d-1.1433~1577mgL-1d-1(10).,,,,725NH4+-N.3,anammox,.anammox,anammox,.anammox,,,NO2--N,NO2--N(3),anammox.anammox,,.tHR,.,,,.anammox,anammox.10Fig.10OperationofthenovelbiologicalnitrogenremovalsystemA1NH4+-NTheinfluentNH4+-NconcentrationofnitrificationreactorA2NH4+-NTheeffluentNH4+-NconcentrationofnitrificationreactorA3anammoxNH4+-NTheinfluentNH4+-NconcentrationoftheanammoxreactorA4anammoxNH4+-NTheeffluentNH4+-NconcentrationoftheanammoxreactorN1NHx--NTheeffluentNHx--NconcentrationofnitrificationreactorN2anammoxNHx--NTheeffluentNHx--Nconcentrationoftheanammoxreactor,[13],,.1,...1992,280~3102HelderW,deVriesRTP.Esturarinenitritemaximaandnitrifingbacteria(Ems-Dollestuary)NethJSeaRes.1983,17:1~183MatejuV,JanochT.Biologicalwaterdenitrification:areview.EnzymeMicrobTechnol.1992,14:171~1834VanNielEWJ.Amathematicaldescriptionofthebehaviourofmixedchemostatculturesofanautotrophicnitriferandaheterotrophicn-itrifer/aerobicdenitrifer,acomparisonwithexperimentaldata.FEMSMicrobio