1高中英语专题讲解----完形填空解题技巧1、通览全文,了解大意由于完型填空试题主要测试同学们在语篇层面上综合运用语言的能力,在解答试题的之前应快速阅读全文,抓住文章的主题,搞清作者的思路及上下文的逻辑关系。一般说来,通读的关键是弄清第一句(往往点明主题,且是没留空白的完整句)和最后一句(往往总结、概括全文)。另外,在浏览时全文的时候,要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件,即who,when,where,what。例如有篇文章的第一句话为:Whyisaspaceleftbetweentherailsofarailwaylinewhereonepiecejoinsthenext?这句话从铁轨之间的缝隙引出了问题。根据常识,就会很快的知道文中的内容应与热胀冷缩的物理现象有关。2、快速反应,初做答案找到文章的突破口之后,就要趁着思路清晰时,快速做出反应,一鼓作气将文中所有能填的空填起来,不因某试题暂时给不了答案的题停留太久。做题以了解文章的大意为前提,如遇个别难题,可以暂时跳过去或初拟一个答案;如果停滞不前,不但会打断思路、造成时间上和心理上的紧张,而且往往无济于事。在填每个空格时,注意分析选项所在的上下文,弄清上下文间的逻辑关系,注意空格前后的词,看是否能与某一选项构成固定搭配。从各个角度考虑,初步做出每个小题的答案。3、再次查读,攻克难关初选过后,可能还会留下一些空档,此时,再重读文章,从语义和逻辑的角度审视全文,看其是否通顺流畅、条理清晰、符合逻辑。与此同时,将未填的空档全部补齐。由于选答案时讲求一气呵成,初选过后还应根据上下文对有疑问或把握不准的答案进行推敲。在具体的操作中应注意以下的问题:1)看清上下文,找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如:1.Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery______A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous2.Mrs.O’Neillasked_________questionsandshedidn’tscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.more2)通顺逻辑,寻求搭配注意固定的搭配,包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等,同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如:Here’safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimself_______somuchmoney.A.forB.byC.toD.of3)扎实基础,搞清辨异在此类试题的命制上,往往是以同类的词为主,我们不需要去进行具体的辨析,但是我们也要根据文章的意思来进行推断。如:SoonIhearda________likethatofadoorburstinandthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shoutWhenthepaperswere__________shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactly…A.examinedB.completedC.markedD.answered4)看清执行者,确定所选词Andvideocamerascanbeusedto_____people’sactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch5)寻求上下逻辑,从容确定关系IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon________stillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as6)了解生活常识,确定相关知识(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe_____hospital.2A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest完型填空解题技巧:巧用线索法所谓线索法,指的是根据文章上下文所提供的故事背景和语境线索进行推理和判断,从而确定最佳答案。具体说来有以下几种行之有效的方法。1.巧用语意转折线索解题有些句子含有表示转折或对比的连词、副词或副词短语,如but,though,although,instead,however,onthecontrary,otherwise等,我们可利用这些暗示来解决问题。有时也可能没有这些词语的出现。如:Aformalletterisverydifferentfromaninformalletter.Formalletters___1___tobusinesses,schoolsorgovernmentoffices.___2___lettersareforrelatives,orformer(以前的)teachers.Youmaywriteaninformalletterbyhand,butyoushould___3___aformalletter.1.A.sendB.arewrittenC.writeD.aredropped2.A.InformalB.FormalC.BusinessD.Relative3.A.copyB.typeC.writeD.share2.巧用因果关系线索解题即根据上下文的因果关系进行推断,从而得出所需答案。如:Itwasastrangenoisethatmadetheman___1___hiscarsoonafterheleftavillage___2___London.Hegotoutofhiscarand___3___thewheels(车轮)carefully,butashefoundnothing___4___hecontinuedhisway.1.A.startB.stopC.slowD.speed2.A.toB.forC.fromD.of3.A.repairedB.examinedC.cleanedD.looked4.A.wrongB.dangerC.interestingD.matter3.巧用具体示例线索解题即根据文章中所提供的具体实例进行分析,将与具体示例有关的信息进行优选,将与具体示例无关的信息进行排除,从而便可得出所需答案。如:Everystudentmustweartheir___1___whentheyareatschool.Thereare___2___itemsofuniforms:suits,dresses,shorts,skirtsandT-shirts.TherearealsoWasleyschoolbags,capsandsocks.1.A.longhairB.thickglassesC.sportsshoesD.schooluniforms2.A.muchB.threeC.manyD.alot4.巧用同义反义线索解题Thoughheisseriousinappearance,heneverfailstobeinteresting.Oftenheisclever,sometimeseven______andgay…A.worriedB.brightC.discouragingD.friendlyAsitturnedout,mylittlepublicationwentontobecomeStudent,anationalmagazineforyoungpeopleintheU.K.MywifeandIhavetwochildren,andI‘dliketothinkwearebringingthemupinthesamewayDad______me.A.controlledB.comfortedC.remindedD.raised即根据文章所提供的内容,同时结合一定的生活常识,对所推断的内容进行逻辑推理和逻辑顺序。如:IwenttoWasleyCollegewithWinnictoday.Wasleyisalarge,old___1___.Ithasthreebranchcampuses(分校):Clunes,GlenWaverlyandElasterwick.Ithasaprimaryschool,a___2___schoolandaseniorschool.Sotherearetwelvegradesof___3___studyingthere.1.A.schoolB.factoryC.movieD.hospital2.A.nightB.juniorC.highD.spare-time3.A.workersB.boysC.studentsD.teachers6.巧用语篇标志线索解题语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位,如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语,这些词语可称为语篇标志。如:表示结果层次的语篇标志语有firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally等;表示逻辑关系的有thus,therefore,so等;表示改变话题的有bytheway等;表示时间关系的有before,sofar,yet,now,later等。在做完形填空题时,如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文3章的脉络,弄清上下文的关系。如:Firstofall,Irespectedhisdevotiontoteaching…______,Iadmiredthefactthathewouldtalktostudentsoutsidetheclassroomortalk…Finally,Iwasattractedbyhislivelysenseofhumor.(全国卷)A.LaterB.SecondlyC.HoweverD.Therefore7.巧用结构对比线索解题在做完形填空题时,有时会遇到两个结构十分相似的句子,此时同学们应认真比较其结构特点,或根据其相似性推断空格处所填之词,或根据文章的上下文语境判断两个(或几个)相似结构之间的逻辑关系。如:Irealizedstrengthandcouragearen‘talwaysmeasuredinmedalsandvictories,butinthestrugglesweovercome(战胜)。Thestrongestpeoplearenotalwaysthepeoplewhowin,______thepeoplewhodon’tgiveupwhentheylose.A.orB.norC.andD.butThecorrectwatersupplyforecastisbasedmoreonthewaterfromthe______thanfromthebelow.(辽宁卷)A.cloudsB.skyC.airD.above8.巧用语境暗示线索解题有的空格根据所在句的句意或附近上下文的语境我们无法作出正确的选择,要想作出正确判断,同学们应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语,尤其注意找出其中重复出现的暗示性词语。如:FourstudentsfromBurlingtonCollegeofHigherEducationareinthebelltowerofthe______havemadeuptheirmindstoringthebellsnonstopfortwoweeksasaprotest(抗议)againstheavytruckswhichrundayandnightthroughthenarrowHighStreet.(全国卷)A.collegeB.villageC.townD.churchButthenagain,wouldtherebeachairinRoom316?Orwoulditbea(n)______room?A.smallB.emptyC.newD.neat精讲精练一WhenSirWinstonC