6-第六章-公共环境设施的材料与工艺

公共环境设施设计第六章公共环境设施的材料与工艺本章概要公共设施的材料，目前普遍使用的几种材料有：6.1金属材料6.2天然石材6.3人造石6.4玻璃6.5复合材料6.6塑料6.7混凝土6.8木材材料运用原则1.考虑到环保因素2.考虑到各种材料的特性3.考虑到成本4.运用不同的材料体现自身特点及美学特征6.1金属材料金属可略分为铁金属及非铁金属两大类，前者如不锈钢、铸铁、高碳钢等，硬度高、沉重；后者则以含有铝、铜、锡及其他轻金属的合金为主，硬度底但弹性大。金属的加工方式主要可分为铸造（如砂模铸造、离心铸造、连续铸造等）、粉末冶金、热作（如滚制、锻造、挤制等）、冷作（如抽制、挤压、板金、冲压等）、熔接（如气焊、电弧、电阻熔接）等五大类。常用作设施的金属材料有不锈钢管、铁管、钢板等，通过熔接、铸造、构造连接等方式。当然，金属材料还可以与其它材料结合使用，如石材等。1.不锈钢不锈钢亚光和高光的纹理质感，具有精密、高科技之感，在公共设施设计中常用于构件、细部的设计中，起到画龙点睛的作用（当然大面积的运用一定要慎重）不锈钢材料特性1、不锈钢是一种维护成本低、强度高、耐用的材料；2、其纹理质感更容易周围环境；3、可以抵抗那些故意破坏公共设施的行为，因为其材料不容易刮、擦、刻、画，还有防蚀性；Stainlesssteelislowmaintenance,stronganddurable.Withitscontemporarylookitiseasytoseewhythismaterialisfindingitswayintomanynewbuildschemesaswellasre-vitalisingexistingdevelopmentsandtownscapes.Stainlesssteelisresistant（有抵抗力的）tovandalism（故意破坏艺术的行为）.Thereisnopaintwhichcanbecarved（雕刻）inorscraped（刮、擦）off,thematerialisinherentlyanti-corrosive（防蚀性）andthelowadhesionfactor（粘合系数）meansgraffiti（乱画）ismoreeasilyremovable.不锈钢材料在公共设施中的广泛运用1.公共座椅Seating2.阻车柱Bollards3.自行车停放架CycleSecurity4.垃圾箱LitterBins5.扶手、栏杆Railing6.树池Planters7.公共候车亭BusShelters8.信息牌PosterBoards9.雨篷DoorShelters10.雕塑SculptureStainlesssteelseatingisintrinsicallyanti-vandalduetoit'sstrength,finishandnon-combustibleproperties.不锈钢座椅可以抵抗人为的故意破坏，因为不锈钢具有强度大、光滑以及不易燃的特性。公共座椅Seating户外钢木座椅钢构件采用镀锌或磷化工艺形成可靠防锈底层，增强附著力，然后再选用进口优质户外粉末，通过高压静电喷粉技术，形成优质表面防护层，户外使用，耐候性强，色彩持久，并有多种颜色可供选择，木制构件均采用优质进口山樟木木材，经除虫、防腐、烘干处理后加工成型，表面采用优质户外高分子漆喷涂，形成可靠防护膜，户外持久耐用。公共座椅Seating阻车柱BollardsThesebollardsarebecomingincreasinglypopularinretail（零售）environmentsastheyareextremely（非常地）resilient（有弹性的）totrolley（电车）damageandrequireminimalmaintenance（保养）.Theycanbesuppliedpolished（磨光）,brushed（植绒）orevenpartpainted.Simplecontemporarydesignsandshapesareeasilycreated.这些阻车柱对于车子的冲撞非常有弹性，维护保养费用也最少；有磨光、植绒、甚至可以部分着色可供选择；形状简单，容易生产；阻车柱BollardsANTIRAM-RAIDPROTECTION抗冲撞保护Theproductisafolddownbollardwhichcanbelockedintheuppositionortuckedneatlyintoaboxwhennotrequired.Asshowninthephotographsitwillabsorbtheimpactofacarquitesatisfactorily.Thisvehiclewasrenderedimmobilewithonebollardpiercing（刺穿的）thepassengerfootwell（驾驶者放腿脚的搁脚空间）.Thesystemsshownabove(180to184)aresuppliedtofitmostofourrangeofbollards.Steel.1950mmwide,1600high,3380mmhightotopoflogopostAvailableas187(steel,250mmroot),187(steel,flanged)and187ss(stainlesssteel,250mmroot).All750mmwide,750mmhigh垃圾箱LitterBins垃圾箱LitterBins垃圾箱LitterBinsStainlesssteelrailingisbothpracticalandattractive.Goodtolookat,goodtotouch-itrepaysit'shigherinitialcostwithexcellentdurability,lowmaintenanceandanti-vandalproperties.1、不锈钢栏杆兼具实用与美观；2、好看、触感好；3、虽然一次投入成本较高，但它具有优良的耐用性、维护成本低、并且可以抵抗人为破坏；扶手、栏杆Railing扶手、栏杆Railing树池PlantersStainlesssteelplantersfitwellincontemporaryschemesaswellasbeinglowmaintenanceandintrinsicallyanti-vandal.主体为不锈钢候车亭，顶棚为彩色阳光板公共候车亭BusShelters信息栏PosterBoards不锈钢阳光蓬雨篷DoorShelters不锈钢雕塑不锈钢雕塑2.铸铁CastIron铸铁是一种铁合金材料，通过烧沸、浇注预制模具中，脱模形成形态。铸铁装饰品具有典雅美感。常用于扶手、门饰、座椅等具有古典风格的设施设计中。铸铁材料在公共设施中的运用1.公共座椅Seating直线型StraightSeating八边型OctangonalSeating六边型HexagonalSeating曲线、圆型Curved&CircularSeating2.垃圾箱LitterBins圆形Round正方形Square长方形Rectangle八边形Octangonal六边形Hexagonal3.栏杆、扶手PostandRailing4.标识系统Signage指针形指示牌FingerSigns信息牌InformationBoards吊篮HangingBaskets路牌StreetNameplates预示牌Bespokesigns公共座椅SEATINGSeatingformsthefocalpointofmanytowncentres,retaildevelopments,coastalandinlandviewpointsthroughouttheUK,givingpeopletheopportunitytorest,converseandreflect.公共座椅的形态往往会成为许多公共场所的焦点；这些设施为人们提供了休息、交流、沉思的好地方；公共座椅SEATINGOurseatsare1.8mlongasstandardandhavebeenergonomicallydesignedtogiveacomfortableseatingposition.Othersizesareachievable,mostcommonly2.4mand3.6m.Inthesecasesanintermediatecentrelegisutilized.Alltimber(managedforestationhardwoodasstandard)istreatedpriortodeliverywith2coatsofSikkensHLSOwoodpreservative.StandardtimberisIrokobutalternativesareavailableincludingEuropeanOak,Ash,Sapele,UtileandWesternRedCedar.Castendsaresuppliedinthemorepopularcastiron.Alternativelyductileironandaluminiumarealsoavailable.Forthemajority,acastironseatisnormallyrobustenoughforallbutthemostdemandingsituations.Everyseatsuppliedasstandardisfullyfinishedwithmetal/castingspaintedusingourairlessspraytwopackepoxyacrylicsystem,inthefullBSorRALcolourrange.公共座椅－直线型公共座椅－直线型公共座椅－直线型公共座椅－直线型公共座椅－直线型公共座椅－直线型公共座椅－八边型公共座椅－六边型Curved$CircularSeatingCurved$CircularSeatingCurved$CircularSeating圆型垃圾桶－闭口RoundLitterBins–ClosedTop圆型垃圾桶－开口RoundLitterBins–OpenTop正方形垃圾桶－闭口SquareLitterBins–ClosedUp正方形垃圾桶－闭口SquareLitterBins–ClosedUp正方形垃圾桶－开口长方形垃圾桶八边形垃圾桶八边形垃圾桶六边形垃圾桶铸铁栏杆铸铁大门指针型指示牌FingerPostSignFingers信息牌InformationBoardsAspermanentfeaturesdesignedtoattractattention,noticeboardsshouldbeeasytolocate（查找）butnotclashwith（不协调）theirsurroundings.Choicesofcolumnsareavailabletosuitandcanbeviewedhere.Aselectionofoptionalfinials（物件顶端的装饰物）areavailableandareshownhere.Allboardscanbedesignedtoaccommodate（适应）internalillumination（照明）.吊篮HangingBaskets路牌StreetNameplates导示牌BespokeBoards6.2天然石材1.大理石质地组织细密、坚实、花纹多样、色泽美观、抗压性强，吸水率小，耐磨，不变形，可磨光等优点。但大理石板材硬度低，不耐风化。希腊雅典大理石体育场1896年4月6日雅典大理石体育场是第一届现代奥运会主场馆上图以长木条为椅面，搭配自然形大理