55《一轮复习—阅读理解主旨大意型解试题分析与答题技巧》课件(新课标人教版)

新课标人教版课件系列《高中英语》高考系列复习5555《一轮复习—阅读理解：主旨大意型解试题分析与答题技巧》阅读理解试题分析与答题技巧(二)主旨大意型一、题型特点•这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。二、题干表现形式：1).主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式:•Themainideaofthepassageis…•Thepassageismainlyabout…•Thepassageismainlydiscusses…•Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?•Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2).目的类主旨大意题•Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…•Thepassageismeantto….•Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…3).标题类主旨大意题•Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…•Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe三、应试技巧一、主题句的特点•主题句所表达的意思具有概括性•句子结构简单明了,作者一般不会采用长句或结构复杂的句子作为文章的主题句•文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.应试技巧如何寻找主题句Passage1Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.１）．文首开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式.Passage2Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.Manhasmadegreatprogressinenvironmentprotection.Governmentsofmanycountrieshaveestablishedlawstoprotecttheforestsandsearesourcesandwastewaterandpoisonousgaseshavebeenalsodealtwith.Stillmoremeasuresshouldbetakentosolvetheproblems.Peopleshouldbefurthereducatedtorealizetheimportanceoftheproblem,tousemodernmethodsofbirthcontrolandlearntorecycleournaturalresources.Wearesurethatweshallhaveabetterandcleanedplanetinthefuture.•ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.“shesaid…•“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.Shusaid.2).首尾呼应为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见.通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味•Ahumanbodyappearstoberathersoftanddelicate,comparedwiththatofawildanimal,butitisactuallysurprisinglystrong.Indeed,itsverysoftnessandloosenessisanadvantage;itmakesmangoodatmovingaboutmovementofalllivingthingsofhisownsize,becausehecandosomanydifferentthingswithhislimbs.Man’sgamesshowhowhecancontrolhisownbody.Nootherlandcreaturecanswimasskillfullyasman;morehassuchvariedgrace;veryfewlivesaslongashe;noneissostronginitsnaturalresistancetodisease.Thereforemanhasagreatadvantageinhisbattleagainsttherisksofdamageanddeaththatthreatenhim.3).文尾在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式•Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.4).文中通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.5).无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。•JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?＿＿＿＿A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.【解题思路】此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstatedmainidea)。由于文中主要涉及了JoshuaBingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：JoshuaBingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是Ｃ6).注意标志词•文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后.•Onthewhole,inshort,therefore…•Iagreewiththeopinionthat…•Givenallthesepointsabove,Iwouldsupporttheideathat…•Forallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer…应试技巧三、选项分析•正确选项的特点–含有抽象名词和概括性词语.四个选项中,含有approach,concept,chance,opportunity,various,both,general,many,difficult,way,necessity,necessary,importance等词的选项一般是正确选项.–四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确选项–那些概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻,说明道理的选项一般是答案项,而选项内容片面,单一的内容一般是错误选项.•错误选项的特点–以偏概全.只是局部信息,或是一句没有展开论述的话.–过于笼统.即归纳的主题太泛,与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论述.–把观点强加与作者.读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解.–无关信息,既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息•AnoldEnglishsayinggoes,“Sparetherod,Spoilthechild.”Inordertomakeachildonhimandlethimeatbitterfoods,dohardworkandplungehimintosuchunitororganizationwhereheofshecangetthegreatesttrainingandknowledge.•Inthefirstplace……•Doinghardworkisalsonecessaryforachild......•Finally,don’talwayskeepthechildathome……•……•Fromtheabove,wecanseethat,forachildtoaccomplishanythingintheworld,thebestwayistohaveastrictdemandonhim,lethimliveahardlifeandgowheretherearedifficultiesEverynormalpersonisexpertintheskillofpronouncinghisownlanguage;butfewpeopleareevenmoderatelyproficientatpronouncingforeignlanguage.Nowtheresomanyreasonsforthis,someobvious,someperhapsnotsoobvious.ButIsuggestthatthefundamentalreasonwhypeopleingeneraldonotspeakforeignlanguageverymuchbetterthattheydoisthattheyfailtogra