有关西方心理学中生物学化思潮的质疑与思考

XXX(,,210097),,,,,,:,,20,,,,20,,,,,,,11975,(Wilson,E.O.)::,,,,,(Dawkins,R)1976,,,,,,,,DNADNA,,,,,,,,,,?(kin-selection),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,XXX:,E2mail:[e-mail](04JYA001)520PsychologicalScience2006,29(3):520-525[1],[2],:,,;,,,,(Rossano,M.J.):,,[3](Tooby,J):,,,[4],,,:,,,,(ancestralenvironment),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,DNA,,,,,,,,,,,,,[6],,,,,,(Bouchard,T.J.),,,,,,,,,,,,,,:521,,[2],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2,,,-,,,,,,,,,,98%,,,,,,,,,,,,-,-,()[6],,,,,,,20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,[7],,,,,,,,522,,,DNA,DNA;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(Menand,L):,,20,,,,[8],:(epigeneticview),,,,,,[9],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:523,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(attachment),,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,4:,,;,,;,,,;,,4:,;,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,;,,,,,,,,[10],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,524,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,?41Gannon,L.Acritiqueofevolutionarypsychology.Psychol2ogy,Evolution&Gender.2002,4(2):1742Dusek,V.Sociobiologysanitized:Theevolutionarypsychol2ogyandgeneticselectionismdebates.ScienceasCulture.1999,9(2):1301363Rossano,MJ.Evolutionarypsychology.JoHnWilley&Soas.Inc,2003:44Tooby,J.Cosmides,L.Ontheuniversalityofhumanna2tureandtheuniquenessofindividuals:Theroleofgeneticsandadaptation.JournalofPersonality,1990,58:225Ehrlich,P.&Feldman,M.Genesandculture.CurrentAnthropology,2003,44(1):906Tattersall,I.Evolution,genesandbehavior.Zygon,2001,36(4):6627Gaulin,S.J.C.&McBurney,D.H.Psychology:Anevo2lutionaryapproach.NewYork:PrenticeHall,2002:508Menand,L.Thescienceofhumannatureandthehumannaturescience.SignLanguageStudies,2005,5(2):176-1779Lickliter,R.&Honeycutt,H.Developmentaldynamics:Towardabiologicallyplausibleevolutionarypsychology.Psy2chologicalBulletin,2003,129(6):82410Lehman,D.,Chiu,C.Y.&Schaller,M.Psychologyandculture.Annu.Rev.Psycho.2004,55:689-714ACritiqueandRethinkingabouttheBiologisminWesternPsychologyYeHaosheng(InstituteofPsychology,NanjingNormalUniversity,Nanjing,210097)AbstractThebiologisminWesternpsychology,whichclaimsthatthemindandbehavioraredeterminedmainlybygenesorothergeneticheritageandbyunderstandinggenes,hasgainedincreasingattentionandrecognitionoverthepastseveraldecades.Sociobiolo2gy,evolutionarypsychologyandthemisrepresentationofbehavioralgeneticsaretherepresentativesofthebiologisminpsychology.Intheauthorsopinion,wecannotdenythatthemindandbehaviorofhumanbeingsareinsomewayinfluencedbygenes,butthefunc2tionsofgenesislimitedandshouldnotbeoverstated.Wewillneveridentifythegenesthatareresponsibleforaparticularbehavior.Genescannotcontrolourindividualbehavioralchoices.Rather,individualdevelopmentisaproductoftheinteractionbetweengenesandenvironment,especiallytheculturalenvironment.Itisthesocialculturethatshapesourbehaviors.Keywords:sociobiology,evolutionarypsychology,behavioralgenetics,genes,culture:525