松花江干流大型底栖动物群落结构与水质生物评价

*1212221＊＊11500402/15007020104—5、7—89—11．16361167462163．8%66．80ind·m－2、24．30g·m－2．、、90．52ind·m－261．26ind·m－248．63ind·m－235．35g·m－223．12g·m－214．41g·m－2．Shannon、Pielou、Simpson．60%26322830．BIFBI．．、．*201011、10--13、201006、200903048-06201006．＊＊[e-mail]2011-04-122011-11-08．1001－9332201201－0247－08Q178Q958AMacrobenthoscommunitystructureofmacrobenthosandbioassessmentofwaterqualityinmainstreamofSonghuaRiver．HUOTang-bin12LIUMan-hong1JIANGZuo-fa2LIZhe2MABo2YUHong-xian11NortheastForestryUniversityHarbin150040China2MinistryofAgri-cultureKeyFieldScientificObservationStationofFisheriesResourcesandEnviromentinHeilongjiangRiverValleyHeilongjiangRiverFisheriesResearchInstituteHarbin150070China．-Chin．J．Appl．Ecol．2012231247－254．AbstractAninvestigationwasconductedonthecommunitystructureofmacrozoobenthosinthemainstreamofSonghuaRiverinspringAprilandMaysummerJulyandAugustandautumnfromSeptembertoNovemberandthewaterqualityofthemainstreamwasassessedwithbioticindices．Atotalof116speciesofmacrobenthoswerecollectedbelongingto36familiesand16ordersamongwhichaquaticinsectshadthelargestnumberwith74species63．8%ofthetotalbelongingto21familiesand6orders．Theannualaveragedensityandbiomassofthemacrob-enthoswere66．80ind·m－2and24．30g·m－2respectively．Theaveragedensitywasthehighest90.52ind·m－2inspringfollowedbyinautumn61．26ind·m－2andinsummer48．63ind·m－2whiletheaveragebiomasswasthehighest35．35g·m－2inautumnfol-lowedbyinsummer23．12g·m－2andinspring14．41g·m－2．TheShannonindexPielouindexandSimpsonindexwerethehighestinspringandwerenearlythesameinsummerandau-tumn．Fewspeciesinhabitedinthesametypesofmicrohabitatsinallriversections．Thespeciessimilarityinallsectionswaslowerwiththelargestsimilaritybeingonly60%．Thespeciesquantityofeachfunctionalfeedinggroupwasnearwith26shredders32collectors28scrapersand30predators．ThewaterqualityassessedwithbioticindexBIandfamilybioticindexFBIwasba-20121231ChineseJournalofAppliedEcologyJan．2012231247－254sicallycoincidentwitheachotherandwasaccordantwithchemicalmonitoring．ThewaterqualityabovetheHarbinSectionofSonghuaRiverwasfairandthatbelowtheHarbinSectionwascontam-inatedorseriouslycontaminated．Itwaspresumedthatthemacrobenthosspeciescompositionandcommunitystructurehadbeenaffectedduetothebuildingofship-electricityhingeinDadingziMountain．KeywordsSonghuaRivermainstreammacrobenthoscommunitystructurebiomonitoringwaterquality．1．2、、3．20704－5．2090．．6．“”7．8．9－1213、．2010．11.120104—114—5、7—8、9—11345°26.430'—47°42.359'N124°42.346'—132°31.301'E．93S1、S2、S34S4、S5、S6、S72S8、S91．GPS、．1/16m25～104060．．4%75%．、、0.0001g．1.2pH、DOYSI6600-02USATP、TN、CODDR890USABOD、NH4+-N、NO2－-N、NO3－-N14．1.3．1Fig．1DistributionofsamplingsitesinmainstreamofSonghuaRiverS1～S9Samplingsites．842231.3.1Shannon15H'=－∑Si=1Pilog2PiSPiinii．H'＞32～31～20～1．1.3.2BI16BI=∑Si=1niai/NniiaiiNS．BI=0～3.503.51～4.504.51～5.505.51～6.506.51～7.507.51～8.508.51～10.00．1.3.3FBI17FBI=∑Fi=1tiniNniitiiNF．FBI=0～3.753.76～4.254.26～5.005.01～5.755.76～6.506.51～7.257.26～10.00．1.41.4.1Sorensen18SS=2c/a+bJaccard19SJ=c/a+b－c．aSibSjc．1.4.2Pielou20J=－∑Pilog2Pi/log2SSimpson21D=1－∑nini－1/NN－1．SPiiniiN．22.12.1.11161636．、、、、、、、、、、．7462163.8%254821.6%144412.1%3222.6%．1169－13．．Ephemeraserica、Ephemerarufomacula-ta、Ephemerashengmi、Ephem-erasachalinensis、Rhoenanthusyoui、NaiscommunisLimnodrilusclaparedeianus、Limnodrilusamblysetus．2.1.2S4532．S4．S87．2.1.37732Fig．2SpatialdynamicsofmacrozoobenthoscommunityinmainstreamofSonghuaRiver．3Fig．3TemporaldynamicsofmacrozoobenthoscommunityinmainstreamofSonghuaRiver．94211Table1DensityandbiomassofmacrobenthosinmainstreamofSonghuaRiverItemSpring±Mean±SDRangeSummer±Mean±SDRangeAutumn±Mean±SDRangeAverageDensityind·m－290.5±127.85.3～353.348.6±40.511.2～142.461.3±48.411.9～134.766.8Biomassg·m－214.4±20.40.0～46.823.1±22.90.7～23.135.4±66.00.3～183.324.32Table2DiversityindexofmacrobenthosinmainstreamofSonghuaRiverSeasonDiversityindexH'±Mean±SDRangeD±Mean±SDRangeJ±Mean±SDRangeSpring0.9±0.20.6～1.20.9±0.20.5～1.00.4±0.10.3～0.6Summer0.6±0.30.3～1.10.6±0.20.3～0.90.3±0.10.1～0.5Autumn0.6±0.30.2～1.10.7±0.20.4～1.00.3±0.10.1～0.5．37．2.1.466.8ind·m－2、24.3g·m－2．、、90.5ind·m－261.3ind·m－248.6ind·m－2．35.4g·m－223.1g·m－214.4g·m－21．420．3S4、S942．2.1.5222．Shannon、Pielou、Simpson4Fig．4Annualvariationsofdensityandbiomassofmacrozoob-enthoscommunityinmainstreamofSonghuaRiver．ⅠSpringdensityⅡAutumndensityⅢSummerbiomassⅣSummerdensityⅤSpringbiommsisⅥAutumnbiomass．．2.2SorensenJaccard3．．．．S7S8、S1S2052233Table3SimilarityofdifferentriversectioncompositionbetweenmicrohabitatsinmainstreamofSonghuaRiverSorensen/JaccardS1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S11S20.51/0.351S30.34/0.210.35/0.211S40.28/0.160.29/0.170.37/0.231S50.35/0.210.29/0.170.39/0.240.23/0.131S60.20/0.110.30/0.180.32/0.230.21/0.120.50/0.301S70.41/0.260.30/0.180.19/0.100.09/0.050.30/0.100.43/0.271S80.19/0.110.13/0.070.22/0.130.10/0.050.30/0.200.48/0.310.60/0.401S90.31/0.180.29/0.170.39/0.240.19/0.100.30/0.100.33/0.190.20/0.100.33/0.201Sorensen0.60、0.51Jac-card0.40、0.35．60%．2.3Cummins23、CumminsKlug24、Merrit25、Wetzd262727－28．11626322830．S4、S44．S4Tubifextubifex、、Limnodrilushoffmeisteri、Branchiura