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Chapter1ReviewQuestions1.Definegeographicallyreferenceddata.Geographicallyreferenceddataaredatathatdescribeboththelocationsandcharacteristicsofspatialfeaturessuchasroads,landparcels,andvegetationstandsontheEarth’ssurface.2.DescribeanexampleofGISapplicationfromyourdiscipline.[RefertoSection1.1.1anddescribeanexampleofGISapplicationfromforestry,geology,environmentalstudies,business,etc.]3.GototheU.S.DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopmentwebsite()andplotanemaparoundyouruniversity.Arethereanyhazardoussites?[Gototheabovewebsite,followtheinstructionsatthewebsite,andplotanemaparoundaselectuniversity.]4.GototheNationalInstituteofJusticewebsite().Whatdoesitmeanby“hotspot”analysis?[Gototheabovewebsite,andclickon“WhatisCrimeMapping?”]“Hotspot”analysisdelineatesareaswithhighconcentrationsofcrime.Highlightingsuchareashelpspolicedirectpatrolswheretheyaremostneeded,therebyoptimizingthedeterrenteffectofpolicepresence.5.Location-basedservicesareprobablythemostcommercializedGIS-relatedfield.Whatdolocation-basedservicesprovide?Location-basedservices(LBS)allowmobilephoneuserstobelocatedandtoreceivelocationinformationsuchasnearbyATMsandrestaurants.6.WhatkindsofsoftwareandhardwareareyoucurrentlyusingforGISclassesandprojects?[Namethesoftwarepackage(e.g.,ArcGIS9.0)andthehardware(e.g.,PCWindowsXP)fortheGISclass.]7.MicrosoftisnotadvertisingMapPointasaGISpackage().WhatarethemainfunctionsofMapPoint?[GototheabovewebsiteandsearchforMapPoint,orgodirectlyto]AccordingtoMicrosoft,MapPoint“offersacomprehensivesolutionforintegratingmaps,demographics,andgeographicaldataintoyourbusinesssolutions.”8.Definespatialdataandattributedata.Spatialdatadescribethelocationsofspatialfeatures,whichmaybediscreteorcontinuous.Attributedatadescribethecharacteristicsofspatialfeatures.9.Explainthedifferencebetweenvectordataandrasterdata.Vectordatausepointsandtheirx-,y-coordinatestorepresentspatialfeaturesofpoints,lines,andareas.Rasterdatauseagridandgridcellstorepresentthespatialvariationofafeature.10.Explainthedifferencebetweenthegeorelationaldatamodelandtheobject-baseddatamodel.Thegeorelationaldatamodelusesasplitsystemtostorespatialdataandattributedata.Theobject-baseddatamodelstoresspatialdataandattributedatainasinglesystem.11.Howdoesdataexplorationdifferfromdataanalysis?Dataexplorationinvolvestheactivitiesofexploringthegeneraltrendsinthedata,takingacloselookatdatasubsets,andfocusingonpossiblerelationshipsbetweendatasets,whereasdataanalysisusesGIScommandstoperformoperationsondata.12.SupposeyouarerequiredtodoaGISprojectforaclass.Whatkindsofactivitiesoroperationsdoyouhavetoperformtocompletetheproject?[Theprojectwillmostlikelyinvolvedatainput,datamanagement,datadisplay,dataexploration,dataanalysis,and,insomecases,GISmodelsandmodeling.]13.Nametwotoolsortechniquesforvectordataanalysis.Toolsforvectordataanalysisincludebuffering,overlay,distancemeasurement,spatialstatistics,andmapmanipulation.14.Nametwotypesofoperationsforrasterdataanalysis.Rasterdataanalysisincludeslocal,neighborhood,zonal,andglobaloperations.15.Describeanexamplefromyourdiscipline,inwhichaGIScanprovideusefultoolsforbuildingamodel.[AGIScanbeusedforbuildingsimplemodels.Formorecomplexmodelssuchasenvironmentalmodels,aGIScanbeusedfordatavisualization,databasemanagement,anddataexploration.]