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·Metallicprojections金属多肉缺陷·Cavities空洞类缺陷·Discontinuities断、裂缺陷·Defects表面缺陷（瑕疵）·Incompletecasting铸件不完整·Incorrectdimension尺寸不符合·Inclusionsorstructuralanomalies夹杂或结构异常Table1Internationalclassificationofcommoncastingdefects表1一般铸造缺陷的国际分类No.Description描述Commonname一般名称Sketch图MetallicProjectionsA100:Metallicprojectionsintheformoffinsorflash飞边尾翅、披缝形式的多肉A110:Metallicprojectionsintheformoffins(orflash)withoutchangeinprincipalcastingdimensions飞边尾翅（披缝）形式的多肉，不改变铸件基本尺寸A111Thinfins(orflash)atthepartinglineoratcoreprints在分型线或芯头上的飞边（飞翅）Jointflashorfins飞边（飞翅）A112ProjectionsintheformofveinsonthecastingSurface铸件表面的毛刺Veiningorfinning毛刺A113NetworkofprojectionsonthesurfaceofdiecastingsHeat-checkeddieA114(a)Thinprojectionparalleltoacastingsurface,inre-entrantangles平行于铸件表面，在凹角处小块多肉Filletscab圆角夹砂A115Thinmetallicprojectionlocatedatare-entrantangleanddividingtheangleintwoparts在凹角处小块多肉将圆角分成两部分Filletvein圆角毛刺A120Metallicprojectionsintheformoffinswithchangesinprincipalcastingdimensions飞边多肉改变了铸件的基本尺寸A123(a)Formationoffinsinplanesrelatedtodirectionofmoldassembly(precisioncastingwithwastepattern);principalcastingdimensionschange合型不精确在平面上形成飞翅，改变铸件基本尺寸Crackedorbrokenmold铸型裂纹或塌箱A200Massiveprojections大块多肉A210Swells胀箱A212(a)Excessmetalinthevicinityofthegateorbeneaththesprue在内浇口附近或直浇道下方有大块金属Erosion,cut,orwash冲砂A213(a)Metalprojectionsintheformofelongatedareasinthedirectionofmoldassembly在合型延长方向上的多肉Crush掉砂A220：Projectionswithroughsurfaces表面粗糙A221(a)Projectionswithroughsurfacesonthecopesurfaceofthecasting铸件上箱面粗糙Molddroporsticker铸型掉砂A222(a)Projectionswithroughsurfacesonthedragsurfaceofthecasting(massiveprojections)铸件下箱面粗糙(成块的)Raisedcoreormoldelementcutoff砂芯上浮，掉砂A223(a)Projectionswithroughsurfacesonthedragsurfaceofthecasting(indispersedareas)铸件下箱面粗糙(分散的)Raisedsand型砂上浮A224(a)Projectionswithroughsurfacesonotherpartsofthecasting铸件的其它位置表面粗糙Molddrop铸型掉砂A225(a)Projectionswithroughsurfacesoverextensiveareasofthecasting铸件上大面积表面粗糙Cornerscab直角夹砂A226(a)Projectionswithroughsurfacesinanareaformedbyacore由砂芯形成的表面处粗糙BrokenorcrushedCore断芯CavitiesB100:Cavitieswithgenerallyrounded,smoothwallsperceptibletothenakedeye(blowholes,pinholes)裸眼看孔洞壁感觉是圆的、光滑的B110:ClassB100cavitiesinternaltothecasting,notextendingtothesurface,discernibleonlybyspecialmethods,machining,orfractureofthecastingB100类型孔洞是在铸件壁内，未延伸至铸件表面，只能由特殊方法、设备或破碎铸件才能辨别B111(a)Internal,roundedcavities,usuallysmooth-walled,ofvariedsize,isolatedorgroupedirregularlyinallareasofthecasting在铸件壁内，圆的孔洞，通常洞壁光滑，有不同的大小，有单个的也有多个的，可以在铸件的各个部位Blowholes,pinholes气孔，针孔B112(a)Asabove,butlimitedtothevicinityofmetallicpiecesplacedinthemold(chills,inserts,chaplets,etc.)和上面一样，但只限于在金属薄片放入铸型的邻近区域（过冷物、冷铁嵌入物、芯撑等）Blowholes,adjacenttoinserts,chills,chaplets,etc.气孔，邻近过冷物、嵌入物、芯撑等B113(a)LikeB111,butaccompaniedbyslaginclusions(G122)象B111类型，但是伴有渣Slagblowholes渣气孔B120ClassB100cavitieslocatedatornearthecastingsurface,largelyexposedoratleastconnectedwiththeexteriorB100类型，位于或接近铸件表面，大部分暴露或与外部相连。B121(a)Exposedcavitiesofvarioussizes,isolatedorgrouped,usuallyatornearthesurface,withshinywalls裸露的各种大小的孔洞，单个的或是成片的，经常在表面附近，洞壁有点反光Surfaceorsubsurfaceblowholes表面或皮下气孔B122(a)Exposedcavities,inre-entrantanglesofthecasting,oftenextendingdeeplywithin裸露的孔洞，在铸件的转角处，经常延伸到铸件的内部Cornerblowholes,Draws拐角处气孔、吸气B123(a)Fineporosity(cavities)atthecastingsurface,appearingovermoreorlessextendedareas铸件表面小的孔洞，或多或少的有延伸Surfacepinholes表面针孔B124(a)Small,narrowcavitiesintheformofcracks,appearingonthefacesoralongedges,generallyonlyaftermachining小的、窄象裂纹一样的孔洞，在表面或边沿，通常加工后才发现Dispersedshrinkage分散的缩孔B200:Cavitieswithgenerallyroughwalls,shrinkage通常洞壁粗糙的孔洞，缩孔B210:OpencavityofClassB200,sometimespenetratingdeeplyintothecastingB200型的开放型孔洞，有时候穿透到铸件的内部B211(a)Open,funnel-shapedcavity;wallusuallycoveredwithdendrites开放式漏斗状孔洞，壁面常覆有树枝晶Openorexternalshrinkage开放式缩孔B212(a)Open,sharp-edgedcavityinfilletsofthickcastingsoratgatelocations开放式尖锐状孔洞，在厚大铸件的圆角处或浇口位置Cornerorfilletshrinkage圆角处缩孔B213(a)Opencavityextendingfromacore从砂芯延伸出来的开放式孔洞Coreshrinkage砂芯缩孔B220:ClassB200cavitylocatedcompletelyinternaltothecastingB200型孔洞，完全在铸件内部B221(a)Internal,irregularlyshapedcavity;walloftendendritic内部不规则，孔壁呈树枝晶状Internalorblindshrinka内部缩孔B222(a)Internalcavityorporousareaalongcentralaxis沿着中心轴线的内部孔洞或多孔区域Centerlineoraxialshrinkage中心轴线缩孔B300：Porousstructurescausedbynumeroussmallcavities由大量小孔洞引起的多孔结构B311：CavitiesaccordingtoB300,scarcelyperceptibletothenakedeyeB311(a)Dispersed,spongydendriticshrinkagewithinwallsofcasting;barelyperceptibletothenakedeye铸件壁上有分散的、多孔的树枝晶缩孔，裸眼很难发现Macro-ormicro-shrinkage,shrinkageporosity,leakers宏观或微观性缩孔，渗漏DiscontinuitiesC100：Discontinuities,generallyatintersections,causedbymechanicaleffects(rupture)断裂，通常在横断面，由机加工影响产生的的断裂C110：Normalcracking普通裂纹C111(a)Normalfractureappearance,sometimeswithadjacentindentationmarks一般的外观破裂，有时候邻近区域伴有压痕Breakage(cold)断裂C120：CrackingwithoxidationC121(a)Fracturesurfaceoxidizedcompletelyaroundedges边缘处断裂面完全氧化Hotcracking热裂C200：Discontinuitiescausedbyinternaltensionandrestraintstocontraction(cracksandtears)由内应力和内部收缩造成的断裂C210：ColdcrackingortearingC211(a)Discontinuitieswithsquarededgesinareassusceptibleto