B4U1-grammar主谓一致.

整理文档很辛苦,赏杯茶钱您下走!

免费阅读已结束,点击下载阅读编辑剩下 ...

阅读已结束,您可以下载文档离线阅读编辑

资源描述

DearMary,Yourletter______received,andnotonlyIbutalsomystudents______readingyourletter.Inouropinions,whatyousaidaboutJaneGoodall______reallyinspiring.Therefore,I,aswellasthewholeclass,______goingtohelpyoutowritesomethingabouther.However,someinformationandwritingskills______neededifwewanttomakeabetterdescriptionofher,andwewillgiveyouagooddescriptionafterourclass!isareisamareSubject–verbagreement主谓一致主谓一致•主谓一致就是指主语和谓语动词在人称、数等方面保持一致。主要包括三大原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。•注意:•1.结合时态和语态。•2.名词关注复数形式;动词关注一般时态下的单数形式。•3.既要关注主语的形式,还要关注主语的意义!•4.关注倒装句:Thereisapen.•Herecomesabus.1.意义一致原则•意义一致原则指谓语动词采用单数还是复数形式要取决于主语所表达的是单数还是复数概念或意义,而不是取决于主语形式上的语法标记。例如:•Tenyearsisalongperiodtohim.•Peoplearetalkingaboutthenews.•Morethantwohundredstudentshaveattendedthelecture.•一、并列主语的主谓一致:•1.两个单数名词用and连接,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数。•Steamandicearedifferentformsofwater.•2.两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一个人或同一件物或同一个概念时,或表示不可分开的整体时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:•Thesingeranddancerisgoingtoattendoureveningparty.•Thesingerandthedancerareclosefriends.•一、并列主语的主谓一致:•3.由and连接的从句结构做主语时,要根据意义一致原则决定谓语动词的数。既表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数。表示同一个概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。•Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.•Whenandwhereweshouldgoonholidayhasnotbeendecidedyet.1.如果主语是不定式,动词-ing形式或主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。{温馨提示}•Collectingstampsgivesmepleasure.•Tocollectstampsgivesmepleasure.集邮带给我乐趣。•二、某些名词作主语时的主谓一致•1.有些集体名词如:crowd,family,team,orchestra(管弦乐队),group,government,committee,class,school,union,firm,staff,public等,它们作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式,如果强调个体,则谓语动词用复数形式。•例如:•Hisfamilyisabigfamily.•他家是个大家庭。•Hisfamilyareverywell.•他的家人都很健康。•Thepublicis/arerequestednottoleavelitterinthepark.•公众不准在公园扔垃圾。•二、某些名词作主语时的主谓一致•2.有些名词形式上是复数,而意义上却是单数。如:news,means,works•还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称,如:economics,physics,mechanics,politics等,•还有国名,书名等,如TheTimes,•它们作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。•例如:Politicsisacomplicatedbusiness.•Hereisthenews.•3.trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数。•(注意:单复数同形,如fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等,谓语动词单复数根据句意决定)•二、某些名词作主语时的主谓一致•4.由“the+adj.”结构作主语表示某一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式;如果表示某个人时谓语动词用单数形式。如:•Theoldaretakengoodcareofinoursociety.•Thewoundedwastakentoahospitalatonce.•三、数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致•1.表示时间,重量、距离、价值等名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。例如:•Twentymilesisalongwaytowalk.•Tenyearsisalongperiodtohim.2.语法一致原则•语法一致是指谓语动词要和它的主语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语单数,谓语动词要用单数形式;主语复数,谓语动词则用复数形式。•例如:•Chinaisabigcountrywithalonghistory.•ThesebooksareallWeiFen's.•一、并列主语的主谓一致:•1.用and连接的单数主语,前面有限定词each,every,manya,no等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式,后一个限定词可省略。例如:•Eachpenand(each)bookisfoundinitsplace.•Everyboyand(every)girlistreatedinthesameway.•Manyaboyand(manya)girlhasseenit.•注意:前面有限定词each,every,manya,no,morethanone等修饰的主语,谓语动词使用单数!•Manyaboylearnstoswimbeforehecanread.•Morethanonestudenthaspassedtheexam.•(单数形式表复数概念:许多)•二、某些名词作主语时的主谓一致•1.不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。这类不定代词有either,neither,each,one,theother,another,somebody,someone,something,anyone,anything,anybody,everyone,everything,everybody,noone,nothing,nobody等。例如:•Neitherlikesthefriendsoftheother.•两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。•Everythingaroundusismatter.•我们周围的所有东西都是物质。•注意:neitherof与eitherof的结构里,谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式,一般用单数形式。•二、某些名词作主语时的主谓一致•2.由allof,mostof,alotof,someof,noneof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof等+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式应与名词的单复数一致。即谓语动词单复数由of后面的名词决定。•Plentyofthepictureshavebeencollected.•SomeagreewithTom,buttherestofusagreewithSam.•ThemajorityoffreshwaterisinCanada.•三、数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致•3.“分数或百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。即谓语动词单复数由of后面的名词决定。•例如:•Over50%ofthelandhasbeencoveredwithforest.•TwothirdsofthestudentsinourclassarefondofEnglish.3.就近一致原则•就近一致原则指谓语动词的数要与它最靠近的主语的数保持一致。例如:•Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentslikeplayingfootball.•Thereisanapple,apear,andsomegrapesonthetable.•一、并列主语的主谓一致•1.由连词or,neither...nor,either...nor,notonly...butalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的单复数形式按就近一致的原则,与贴近谓语动词的主语一致。•关注:therebe句型!be的形式与最近的一个名词(短语)保持一致。•例如:Heoryouhavetakenmypen.•Eitheryouorheisnottellingthetruth.•NotonlyhisparentsbutalsohehasbeentoEurope.•Thereisapenandseveralbooks.•一、并列主语的主谓一致•2.单数名词+aswellas,with,alongwith,like,togetherwith,ratherthan,except,but,including,accompaniedby,plus,besides,inadditionto,nolessthan等后跟名词做主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。即由第一个名词单复数决定谓语动词单复数。•例如:•Mymother,aswellasmyfather,hasakeytotheoffice.•ThemantogetherwithhiswifeandchildrensitstherewatchingTV.找一找共同点:1.Whatweneed_______hardwork.Whatweneed______suitablematerials.2.Such________whathetoldme.Such_________hiswords.3.Thefollowing______hisadviceonlearningEnglish.Thefollowing_______sometipstolearnEnglish.isarewaswereisare1.Theblind____inspecialschools.•A.isstudyingB.studies•C.studyD.hasstudied3.ThemuseumIhavevisited_____attheendofthestreet.•A.standB.stands•C.isstandingD.arestanding4.Threeweeks____notenoughformetowritethereport.•A.isB.areC.hasD.have8.Largequantitiesofwater___neededforcoolingpurpose.•A.isB.areC.hasD.have1.Ourclass_______abigone.(be)Ourclass______fondofmusic.2.1.Thetrousers_________mine.(be)2.Thispairoftrousers____mine.•类似地:Applesofthiskind______(sell)well.Thiskindofapples_______(sell)well.isare四、易错点汇总areissellsells比一比3.ThepopulationofChina_______farlargerthanthatofJapan.(be)EightypercentofthepopulationinChina________farmers.4.1.Everymeans______beentriedtosolve

1 / 44
下载文档,编辑使用

©2015-2020 m.777doc.com 三七文档.

备案号:鲁ICP备2024069028号-1 客服联系 QQ:2149211541

×
保存成功