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上海振华重工（集团）股份有限公司ShanghaiZhenhuaHeavyIndustryCo.,Ltd.超声II级基础理论试卷UTLevelIIGeneralExamination姓名：答卷时间：地点：NameTimeLocation得分：评卷人：时间：MarksExaminerDate1.超声波探伤中，最常用的换能器应用的原理是：(B)A)磁致伸缩原理B)压电原理C)波型转换原理D)以上都不是Thetransducersmostcommonlyfoundinultrasonicsearchunits(probes)usedfordiscontinuitytestingutilize:A)magnetostrictionprinciplesB)piezoelectricprinciplesC)modeconversionprinciplesD)noneoftheabove2.下列哪种声波具有多种不同的波速？(D)A)纵波B)切变波C)横波D)兰姆波Ofthefollowingsoundwavemodes,whichonehasmultipleorvaryingwavevelocities?A)longitudinalwavesB)shearwavesC)transversewavesD)lambwaves3.下列哪种情况可应用超声技术进行检测？(D)A)确定材料弹性模量B)研究材料冶金组织C)测量材料厚度D)以上都可以Whichofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredapplication(s)ofultrasonictechniques?A)determinationofamaterial'selasticmodulusB)studyofamaterial'smeallurgicalstructureC)measurementofamaterial'sthicknessD)alloftheabove4.可在液体中传播的唯一声波是：(B)A)切变波B)纵波C)表面波D)瑞利波Theonlysignificantsoundwavemodethatwilltravelthroughaliquidis:A)shearB)longitudinalC)surfaceD)rayleigh5.材料的声阻抗用来：(C)A)确定界面上的折射角B)确定材料的声衰减C)确定界面上透过和反射声能的相对数量D)确定材料中声束扩散角Theacousticimpedanceofamaterialisusedto:A)determinetheangleofrefractionataninterfaceB)determinetheattenuationwithinthematerialC)determinetherelativeamountsofsoundenergycoupledthroughandreflectedataninterfaceD)determinethebeamspreadwithinthematerial6.对试样进行接触法斜角探伤时，如果入射角达到第二临界角，会发生：(C)A)表面波全反射B)切变波45°折射C)表面波D)以上都不对Whenanglebeamcontacttestingatestpiece,increasingtheincidentangleuntilthesecondcriticalangleisreachedresultsin:A)totalreflectionofasurfacewaveB)45°refractionoftheshearwaveC)productionofasurfacewaveD)noneoftheabove7.接触法探伤中，靠近入射表面的缺陷并不是总能探测出来的，其原因是：(C)A)远场效应B)衰减C)盲区D)折射Incontacttesting,defectsneartheentrysurfacecannotalwaysbedetectedbecauseof:A)thefar-fieldeffectB)attenuationC)thedeadzoneD)refraction8.换能器频率与晶片厚度有关，晶片愈薄：(B)A)频率愈低B)频率愈高C)频率无显著差别D)以上都不对Thecrystalthicknessandtransducerfrequencyarerelated,thethinnerthecrystal:A)thelowerthefrequencyB)thehigherthefrequencyC)thereisnoappreciableaffectD)noneoftheabove9.靠近换能器的声压波动区域的长度主要取决于：(D)A)换能器的频率B)换能器的直径C)换能器电缆的长度D)A和BThelengthoftheZoneadjacenttoatransducerinwhichfluctuationsinsoundpressureoccurismostlyaffectedby:A)thefrequencyofthetransducerB)thediameterofthetransducerC)thelengthoftransducercableD)bothAandB10.换能器从埋藏深度不同的相同反射体接收的信号差别可能是由哪种原因引起的？(D)A)材料衰减B)声束扩散C)近场效应D)以上都可能Thedifferencesinsignalsreceivedfromidenticalreflectorsatdifferentmaterialdistancesfromatransducermaybecausedby:A)materialattenuationB)beamdivergenceC)nearfieldeffectsD)alloftheabove11.探头横向移动时，比探头尺寸小的缺陷产生的信号振幅发生起伏的变化。在哪个区域探伤时可能发生这种情况？(B)A)费朗霍夫区B)近场区C)斯奈尔区D)阴影区Itispossibleforadiscontinuitysmallerthanthetransducertoproduceindicationsoffluctuatingamplitudeasthesearchunitismovedlaterally,iftestingisbeingperformedinthe:A)FraunhoferZoneB)NearfieldC)SnellfieldD)Shadowzone12.液浸探伤时，采用哪种方法可消除探头近场的影响？(C)A)提高频率B)使用直径较大的探头C)采用合适的水距D)使用聚焦换能器Inimmersiontesting,thenearfieldaffectsofatransducermaybeeliminatedby:A)increasingtransducerfrequencyB)useofalargerdiametertransducerC)usinganappropriatewaterpathD)useofafocusedtransducer13.图1中，假定探头声束是均匀的，点A和点B分层缺陷反射信号振幅之间存在什么关系？(C)A)相差12dBB)振幅相同C)二比一D)三比一分层缺陷LaminarreflectorInFigure1shownbelow,assumingauniformbeampattern,whatrelationshipwouldyouexpecttoexistbetweentheamplitudesofthereflectedlaminarsignalsatpositionAandB?A)12dBdifferenceB)EqualamplitudesC)2to1D)3to114.在均匀的超声波束的远场中，声束中心线上的声强度：(B)A)最低B)最高C)在2γ角度内声强度最高Sinγ=C/Df式中C为声速，D为晶片直径，f为频率D)与中心线的方向无关Inthefarfieldofuniformultrasonicbeam,soundintensityisthebeamcenterlineA)minimumatB)maximumatC)maximumthroughouttwicetheangle(Sinγ=c/Df)whereCisacousticvelocity,Discrystaldiameter,andBisfrequencyatD)notrelatedtoorientationof15.在细长的棒中，如果由于声束扩散而使声束到达底面前在试件侧面发生反射，会发生什么情况？(C)A)一次底面反射前出现许多信号显示B)产生多次表面反射信号C)发生纵波变为切变波的波型转换D)前表面反射降低Whichofthefollowingmayresultonalongnarrowrodifthebeamdivergenceresultsinareflectionfromasideofthetestpiecebeforethesoundwavereachesthebacksurface?A)multipleindicationsbeforethefirstbackreflectionB)indicationsfrommultiplessurfacereflectionsC)conversionfromthelongitudinalmodetoshearmodeD)lossoffrontsurfaceindications16.声束在何处发生扩散？(B)A)近场B)远场C)晶片上D)以上都不是Wheredoesbeamdivergenceoccur?A)nearfieldB)farfieldC)atthecrystalD)noneoftheabove17.在直径一定的情况下，当晶片频率提高时，声束扩散角将：(A)A)减小B)不变C)增大D)通过每个波长变化Asfrequencyincreaseinultrasonictesting,theangleofbeamdivergenceofagivendiametercrystalA)decreasesB)remainsunchangedC)increasesD)variesuniformlythrougheachwavelength18.频率超出人耳听觉范围的声波叫做超声波或超声振动，其频率大约高于：(A)A)20000HzB)2MHzC)2KHzD)200KHzSoundwavesofafrequencybeyondthehearingrangeofthehumaneararereferredtoasultrasonicwavesvibrations,andthetermembracesallvibrationwavesoffrequencygreaterthanapproximately:A)20000HzB)2MHzC)2KHzD)200KHz19.声波速度主要取决于：(C)A)脉冲长度B)频率C)传声材料和振动方式D)以上都不是Thevelocityofsoundwavesprimarilydependon:A)thepulselengthB)thefrequencyC)thematerialinwhichthesoundisbeingtransmittedandmodeofvibrationD)noneoftheabove20.如果一个接触法斜探头在钢中产生45°切变波，该探头在铝中产生的切变波角度为（已知Vs钢=0.323cm/微秒）(A)A)小于45°B)大于45°C)45°D)还需要其它数据才能确定Ifacontactanglebeamtransducerproducesa45°shearwaveinsteel,theangleproducedbythesametransducerinanaluminumspec