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but的启示功能研究研究历年高考阅读理解试题，我们会发现but/however是一个重现率极高的词汇，它有很强的启示功能，对我们判断上下文文意、推断作者的态度、判明人物心理、理清文章层次都具有举足轻重的作用。一．but引出相反或相对的信息。利用but的这一功能，可以快速、准确地推知上下文的意义。例（07江西）Until1954itwasthoughtthatnomancouldrunonemileinlessthanfourminutes.Asyears36,therecordcamecloserandclosertofourminutesandRogerBannister,ayoungEnglish37,begantobelievebemight38thisalmostmagicbarrier.ItwasacoldafternoononMay6th,1954,whenBannisterknewbehada39chance.Bannisterhadbeen40hardandwasveryfit,buttheweatherconditionswereareal41tohim.Describingthe42later,Bannistersaid,Onthewaytothetrackthewindblewstrongly.AsI43forthestartIglancedattheflag.Itmoved44now.ThiswasthemomentwhenImademydecision.36.A.passedalongB.passeddownC.wentbyD.wentover37.A.coachB.athleteC.captainD.judge38.A.defeatB.moveC.beatD.break39.A.realB.luckyC.seriousD.false40.A.competingB.trainingC.fightingD.attending41.A.eagernessB.pleasureC.reliefD.worry42.A.accidentB.eventC.issueD.topic43.A.didupB.madeupC.putupD.linedup分析:but前讲的是Bannister训练刻苦（traininghard）身体康健（wasveryfit），这是对其有利的条件，but后应该是对其不利的因素，这样我们可以推知天气状况不佳，故41空选D。这里but引出与上文相反的信息，可以利用它来推断下文的意思。二．yet/but引出作者想要谈论的话题，yet/but前为引子，yet/but起过渡作用。例1.About90%ofthesugarisproducedasfood.Only10%isusedinindustryforpurposesotherthanfoodproduction.Yetsugarhasgreatpossibilitiesforuseasthebasisofchemicals.Itcanevenbeusedformakingplastics.Inthefuturethesepotentialuseswillcertainlybedevelopedmorethaninthepast.Therearemanyreasonswhyweshouldincreasetheproductionofsugar.Mostimportantisthatitisoneofthemosthighlyconcentratedofenergyfoods.Thussugarcaneandbeetproduceanaverageof7,000,000caloriesperacre.Inthiswaytheyhavetheadvantageoverpotatoeswhichgiveonly4,000,000,whilethefigureforwheatandbeansis2,000,000each.Sothreeacresoflandgrowingwheat,beansandpotatoesgiveonlyslightlymoreenergythanoneacreofsugar.Question:Thethirdparagraphemphasizes(强调)_______..A．about90%ofsugarusedasfoodB．only10%usedinindustryC．sugarusedformakingplasticsD．futureusesofsugar此题答案为D.文中用yet进行过渡,引出作者想要强调或谈论的内容。明白了but/yet的这一功能，就不至于把引子当话题。（A、B两个选项均为引子）例2.(07辽宁)Whatwillpeopledieof100yearsfromnow?Ifyouthinkthatisasimplequestion,youhavenotbeenpayingattentiontotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinbio-technology(生物技术).Withthehelpofnewmedicine,thehumanbodywilllastaverylongtime.Deathwillcomemainlyfromaccidents,murderandwar.Today'sleadingkillers,suchasheartdisease,cancer,andagingitself,willbecomedistantmemories.Indiscussionoftechnologicalchanges,theInternetgetsmostoftheattentionthesedays.Butthechangeinmedicinecanbetherealtechnologicaleventofourtimes.Howlongcanhumanslive,Humanbrainswereknowntodecidethefinaldeath.Cells(细胞)arethebasicunitsofalllivingthings,anduntilrecently,scientistsweresurethatthelifeofcellscouldnotgomuchbeyond120yearsbecausethebasicmaterialsofcells,suchasthoseofbraincells,wouldnotlastforever.Buttheupperlimitswillbebrokenbynewmedicine.Sometimebetween2050and2100,medicinewillhaveadvancedtothepointatwhichevery10yearsorso,peoplewillbeabletotakemedicinerepairtheirorgans(器官).Themedicine,madeupofthebasicbuildingmaterialsoflife,willbuildnewbraincells,heartcells,andsoon-inmuchthesamewayourbodiesmakenewskincellstotaketheplaceofoldones.Itisexcitingtoimaginethattheadvanceintechnologymaybechangingthemostbasicconditionofhumanexistence,butmanytechnicalproblemsstillmustbecleareduponthewaytothiswonderfulfuture.Question:Intheauthor'sopinion,today'smostimportantadvanceintechnologyliesin____.A.medicineB.theInternetC.braincellsD.humanorgansBut前的theInternet为引子，but后的(changein)medicine才是作者的观点(thechangeinmedicinecanbetherealtechnologicaleventofourtimes).因此此题的答案为A.but这一功能构成引子+but+论题模式。三．显示作者态度例1.TheChinesegovernment'sstrategytoboost(推进)theeconomybyincreasingthenumberofholidaysandencouragingspending,calledholidayeconomics,maysoonoutliveitsusefulness,oneChinesepublicationpredicts.TheOct.4Zaobao.comsaysthereareonlyalimitednumberofwaysforChinesetouriststospendmoneywithinthecountry.Unlessnewmethodsarecreatedtoservice,alllevelsofconsumers,localtourists,especiallytherich,maybesoontiredofspendingduringtheholidayaltogether,itsaid.Itisdebatablewhetherholidayeconomicsprovidesaboostthatliftsconsumption(消费)yearround,butthereisevidencethatitincreasesspendingintheholidayperiods.Thisyear,forexample,Shanghai'sLiberationDailynotedthatroadtravelfromOct.1toOct.3wasup96.3percentfromthesameperiodlastyear.XinhuaNewsAgencyalsoreportedthatBaiyunAirportinGuangdongProvincehandled463flightsonOct.1alone,anall-timerecord,accordingtoReuters.Buthowlongwillitlast?Zaobao.comdoesn'tdisputethesefigures,butwondershowlongwecanexpecttoseesuchspendingoutgoings.Workersnowget114daysoffayearforofficialholidays,thepublicationsaid.Vacationersmaybespendingvigorouslynow,butwilltheycontinuetodosoiftheworldeconomicslowdowncontinues?TheChinesemediasaidthatpeoplewhoarerelativelyhighlypaidandthathavealreadygoneabroadarenotlikelytotravelduringthebusyweeklongholiday.Thosewithmediumincomesonlyaccountfor20percentofthepopulationinurbanandruralareas.Althoughthesepeoplearelikelytotravel,therestwouldratherstayathome,Zaobal.comsaid.Afteryearsofholidayeconomics,moreandmorepeo0plearegettin