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:U463.210183:2990105MilitaryHybridElectricLightoff-RoadVehicleDrivetrainMatchingandControlStrategyResearch2001320023ADVISORADVISORBJ212BJ212ADVISORI111.111.2HEV11.2.1HEV11.2.2HEV21.2.3HEV342.142.252.378910ADVISOR101.1ADVISOR101.2111.2.1111.2.1.1111.2.1.2111.2.2121.2.2.1121.2.2.2141.2.3161.2.3.1161.2.3.1161.3ADVISOR171.3.1Vehicleveh181.3.2FuelconverterFC211.3.3Clutchcl221.3.4Gearboxgb23II1.3.5FinalDrivefd241.3.6Wheel/axlewh251.3.7Motor/controller/mc261.3.8Motorcontrollerlogic261.3.9PowerBuspb271.3.10EnergyStorageSystemESS281.3.11vc291.3.11.1301.3.11.2331.3.11.33637403.1ADVISORGUI403.24243BJ2124444462.1462.2472.347483.1483.1.1483.1.1.1493.1.1.2493.1.1.3493.1.1.4503.1.1.5503.1.2513.1.2.1513.1.2.2513.1.2.352III3.1.2.4533.1.3533.2573.2.1573.2.2583.2.3593.2.4623.2.5623.2.5.1623.2.5.2623.3653.3.1BJ212653.3.2BJ212653.3.3BJ212663.3.4BJ212673.3.4.17673.3.4.2673.3.5BJ21269697070712.1712.274ADVISOR763.1763.2783.2.1/783.2.283868787IV1.1BJ212871.1.1871.1.2871.2BJ212881.2.1ADVISORGUI881.2.2BJ212891.2.2.1891.2.2.2901.2.2.3921.394942.1952.1.1962.1.2982.2100101102104107iABSTRACTiii11.1HEVHybridElectricVehicleHEVAPUAuxiliaryPowerUnit[15]HEV1.2HEVSeriesScheduleSHEVParallelSchedulePHEVSeries-ParallelCombinedSchedule1.2.1HEVHEV1-1APU1-2-1-1HEVHEV2HEVPP121.2.2HEVHEV1-21-2-1-2HEVHEVHEV132PP~2P1.2.3HEVHEV1-31-3a1-3bHEV4(a)(Switching)(b)(Split)1-3HEV2.1PRIUSEINSIGHT1-11-41-1HEV2000PreceptPreceptChevroletTrialCR-V-CommanderCitadelDodgeDurango96DodgeIntrepidESXESX298ESX3PTHLSRHEVP2000HEV5KangooBerlingoDynavoltVolvoFL6Multipla2.2CALSTARTAerovironment()RodMillenSpecialVehicleUnigueMobilityPEIDARPAMARCAVHEHUMMERJTEVTACDARPASCATUniqueMobilityPEI1-555KW475KWHUMMER114km/h128km/h60%11km/h27km/h0-80km/h147110KW6.5LV86-ESX3-ESX3ESX3-ESX3PreceptPrecept-ProdigyPrecept1-47M113BradlevDARPA4300DARPA0.75tJTEV80KW+60KW102KW105km/h0-50km/h3.50-100km/h101234HUMMERAB1-5HUMMER82.3[17]HEV-19961661[1]9PWM863HEVFUELCELLHEVICEVHEV1ADVISOR2BJ2123BJ212ADVISOR410IdahoSIMPLEVNRELADVOSPRArgonneMARVELAeroVironmentCarsimuDurhamJANUSTexasA&MELPHADVISORADVISOR1.1ADVISORADVISORDOE19941119981ADVISORChryslerCorpGeneralMotorsCorpAlliedSignalAutomotiveArgonneNationalLaboratoryNavalResearchLaboratoryUniversityofCalifornia-DavisUniversityofMarylandUniversityofIllinois-Urbana/ChampaignADVISOR12345ADVISORMATLAB/SIMULINK11123ADVISORADVISOR1.21.2.1ADVISOR1.2.1.1MeNe∑=⋅=kieieiNaM02-1ADVISORMATLABINTERPER11.2.1.212100−⋅⋅=∑∑==jiesjjiekeNMag2-2ge/g/kWhMe/Nmak()()ijjjk+−−++=12121sADVISORMATLABINTERPER21.2.21.2.2.1PeukertConsttIn=2-313I/At/hn1.3~1.51−=nssIIICC2-4CII/AhIS520/ACS/AhSOCIIDCtICCSOC⋅−=−=112-5-tkSOCkkkkDkkkkCtICCSOCSOCSOCSOCk∆∆∆∆⋅−=−=+=−12-6Ikk/ACkIk/AhkkkDDDCCC∆+=−12-72-1batbatbatbatIRUE⋅+=02-16Ebat/VADVISORVocUbat/VIbat/ARbat0/EbatRbat0[18]2-114Rbat0()()SOCkbatbateSOCkEE−⋅−⋅−=110212-8Ebat0SOC=1k1k2SOCVocADVISORSOCVoc1.2.2.2IeIw%IIIewebc100×+=η2-9bcSOCbcSOCbcSOC()kkkkDDkbcbcDSOCSOCSOCSOCCCSOCtICk∆∆∆η∆∆+=−=⋅⋅=−−−11112-10DDDCCCkk∆−=−12-112-2Ibc/AUbc/VRbc/Ebat/V2-215bcbcbatbcRIEU⋅+=EbatRbcRbcEbatRbc2-8EbatSOCkbatbateSOCkEE⋅⋅⋅+=4302-12Ebat0SOC=0Ibc=0/Vk3k4SOCSOCVOC-SOCR0-SOCVocR0Pess_r2-10**_RUVocUIUPress−==2-1300**_2=−−RPUVocUress2-1420**4_2RPVocVocUress−±=2-15+2-13~2-14Pess_r2-15U2-1520**4_2RPVocVocUress−+=2-160*20**40_2RRPVocVocRUVocIress−−=−=2-172-17Pess_rPess_r161.2.31.2.3.12-32-42-42-31.2.3.22-51P1cupFepmP1PmPΩP2P1cupFep2cupΩp+2-52-42-3172cupΩPΩp∆p2P%PP10012×=η2-18MATLAT/SIMMULINK2-61.3ADVISORADVISORMATLAB/SIMMULINK/ADVISOR(require)2-618/actual/availableachievable2-72-71.3.1Vehicleveh2-7ADVISOR19vehiclespeed:(Ft),(V0),(Vaver),:V0)/2(VtVaver+=2-19Vt0Ff)Fwmgsina(m-Ft=+++⋅α2-20aFw,FfdtV0)-(Vaver*0.5dtV0)-(Vta==2Vaver*A*Cd**1/2Fwρ=20f2)*Vaver(f1*cos*mgFf+=α2-200Ft-mV0/2/dt-mgsinf1*mgcosVaver*f2)*mgcos(m/2/dtVaver*A*Cd**1/22=++++αααρ2-21f1,f22-19V0Vaver2Vt−⋅=2-2221ΣF=ma,1.3.2FuelconverterFC:FCFCEO22COHCPMFCFCFC1.3.3ClutchclFCFCgearbox231.3.4GearboxgbADVISOR(fd)(fc)(tc)(mc)CPU12324gb_vw.m()=()/++gb_ratio()=gb_inertia*d()dt()=[gb_loss_input_trq_coeff/()+gb_loss_output_trq_coeff]*()+[gb_loss_input_spd_coeff*()+gb_loss_output_spd_coeff]*()+gb_loss_output_pwr_coeff*()*()+gb_loss_const()()()()={()*[()/()]req-()}*()[()/()]req()=()/()1.3.5FinalDrivefd25finaldrivewheel/axlegearboxgearboxwheel/axlerequestactualgearbox1.3.6Wheel/axlewhwheel/axlevehiclerequestactual//26tractioncontrolwheel/axlewheel/axle1.3.7Motor/controller/mcmotor/controllermotor/controller/T-n2-Dmotor/controller//1.3.8Motorcontrollerlogic27//mc_max_crrnt1.3.9PowerBuspb281131.3.10EnergyStorageSystemESSHVADVISORINELADVISOR29ESSSOC51.VocR0RintVocRintSOCRint2.3.Voc,RintPr4.SOC5.ESSSOC1.3.11vc301.3.11.131V0FmaxVtFwFfFimaFi-Ff-Fw-Fmax=2-23Fmax=Wf*maxWf31hg/L*ma-b/L*mghg/L*Fw)ma(mgsin-b/L*mgcosWf≅++=ααFw=1/2**Cd*A*Vaver^2Ff=mgcos(f1+f2*Vaver)Fi=mgsina=(Vt-V0)/dtVaver=(Vt+V0)/2LbhgCdA2-23VtVt*V0V0hg/L/dt*m/dtα1/2mgf2cosCdAV03/8mV0/dtV0/dt*hg/LV0^2CdA1/8-mgf2V01/2cos-)sinmg(f1cosα-mgb/LaxmaxaxmmmVtµρµρααµ+++++⋅+=2-24VtFmax2-23Fmax=-Wf*max2-23hg/L/dt*m/dt21/2mgcosα/CdAV03/8mV0/dtV0/dt*hg/LV0^2CdA1/8-f2V01/2mgcos-)sin