chapter5--第一版TheRomanticPeriod.

TheRomanticPeriod(1798-1832)TheMeaningofRomanticism•Romanticismisamovementprevailingthe19thcenturyinWesternWorldinliterature,art,musicandphilosophybeginningasareactionandprotestagainstthebondageofrulesandcustomsofneo-classicism.RomanticArt•约瑟夫·玛罗德·威廉·特纳JosephMallordWilliamTurner(1775年4月23日－1851年12月19日)是英国浪漫主义风景画家，水彩画家和版画家，他的作品为后来的印象派绘画发展奠定了基础。Turner不仅是油画大师，也是英国水彩画家中相当出色的一位，被誉为“画光线的画家”(thepainteroflight).Romanticmusic•真正揭开浪漫主义音乐序幕的应首推舒伯特。•一、浪漫主义音乐的第一个特点:善于表现个人的感情和幻想，尤其强调个人主义的体验、内心最强烈情感的爱情主题；倾心于带自传性的，不满现状的忧郁，孤独者的精神。在描绘自然景色及现实形象时，也更强调主观色彩的印记。•二、浪漫主义音乐的另一个特点:是对本民族历史文化及民间音乐的强烈兴趣。这反映了19世纪欧洲民族意识的觉醒。在音乐创作的题材方面，盛行采用民间歌谣及民间故事为主题。肖邦是19世纪中叶民族乐派的先驱。•浪漫主义音乐的出现，使音乐走出宫廷、走向民间。很多音乐大师的传世佳作至今久演不衰，充分显示了浪漫主义音乐极强的生命力。•TheRomanticMovementinliterature•1798,LyricalBallads•Therepresentatives•ThefirstgenerationofRomantics•W.Wordsworth,S.T.Coleridge,R.Southey.“LakePoets”•ThesecondgenerationofRomantics•G.G.Byron,P.B.Shelley,J.Keats.LakePoets•ForatimeincloseassociationinthemountainousLakeDistrictinthenorthwestofEngland.•Theircommunityofliteraryandsocialoutlook.•Thesamepathinpoliticsandinpoetry.TheQualitiesofRomanticism•1.Thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings•2.Thecreationofaworldofimagination•3.Thereturntonatureformaterial—“naturepoetry”•4.Sympathywiththehumbleandglorificationofthecommonplace•5.Emphasisupontheexpressionofindividualgenius•6.Asenseofmelancholyandloneliness•7.TherebelliousspiritTheNatureofRomanticMovement1.Thenegativeattitudetowardtheexistingsocialandpoliticalconditions2.Theemphasisofthespecialqualitiesofeachindividual’smind3.Astrongreactionagainstthedominantmodesofthinkingoftheearly18th-centurywritersandphilosophers4.AnexpressionoftheuniquefeelingsandparticularattitudesinliteratureTheInfluenceoftheRomanticismMovementonEnglishLiterature(1)Englishliteraturecomestoitspeakinthisperiod.(2)TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry.Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley,Keats.(3)TheRomanticperiodisagreatageofprose.Coleridge,Hazlitt,Lamb,DeQuincey(4)Thisperiodisalsoagreatageofnovels.JaneAusten,WalterScottTheFeaturesofRomanticPoetry1.Romanticspoetryisfreefromallrules.2.Romanticspoetsarealwaysseekingfortheabsolute,theidealthroughthetranscendenceoftheactual.3.Romanticpoetryistheflowofimagination,spontaneityandpowerfulfeelings.WilliamBlake(1757-1827)Blake’spoetryworks•Hisearliestpoems:•limpidandfresh,lovelyandnatural.•1783,PoeticalSketches.•SongsofInnocence—1789•SongsofExperience—1794•Thetwobooksshow“theTwoContraryStatesoftheHumanSoul”.•Characteristics:•Diction—naivebutstrong•Content—mysterious•Attitude•SympathywiththeFrenchRevolution,Hatredfor18thcenturyconformityandsocialinstitutionandofrevoltagainstauthorityTheDifferenceoftheSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperienceTheSongsofInnocenceisalovelyvolumeofpoems,presentingahappyandinnocentworld,thoughnotwithoutitsevilsandsufferings.TheSongsofExperiencepaintsadifferentworld,aworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytone.Otherfamouspoetry:TheChimneySweeper•(1789,fromSongsofInnocence)•TheChimneySweeper•(1794,fromSongsofExperience)•LondonTheLambTheLamb•BlakebringsoutthetraditionalassociationsbetweentheLambandChrist,inasimplelyricwhichreliesonapastoralsetting.•Thespeakerispresumablythechild,expressingajoyousstateofprotectedinnocenceandharmony.•TheLordisshepherd.IntheChristianreligion,theLambisanothernameforChrist.•QuestionsforTheLamb•1.Whatkindofpicturedoesthepoetdescribe?•Joyousstate,innocenceandharmonywithinandamongthecreations.•2.Whatdoesthelambsymbolize?•Itsymbolizespeace,kindness,purity,gentleness,innocence,harmony,joyfulness•3.Whatrhetoricdevicesareused?•Rhetoricdevices:personification,repetition•4.WhatcharacteristicsdoesBlake’spoetrypresent?•Lambsymbolizes—peace,kindness,purity,gentleness,innocence,harmony,joyfulness.••Language•thesimplicityofachild’svocabulary,theconnotationoftheinnocenceofthespiritandthebeautyofwonderfulimagery.•Thoughtispeculiarityandthevisionisimaginative.老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌，烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽，什么样非凡的手和眼睛能塑造你一身惊人的匀称？什么样遥远的海底、天边烧出了做你眼睛的火焰？跨什么翅膀它胆敢去凌空？凭什么铁掌抓一把火种？什么样技能，什么样胳膊拗得成你五脏六腑的筋络？等到你的心一开始蹦跳，什么样惊心动魄的手、脚？Whatdreadhandformedthydreadfeet?•什么样铁链？什么样铁锤？什么样熔炉里炼你的脑髓？什么样铁砧？什么样猛劲一下子掐住了骇人的雷霆？•到临了，星星扔下了金枪，千万滴银泪洒遍了苍穹，完工了再看看，他可会笑笑？不就是造羊的把你也造了？老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌，烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽，什么样非凡的手和眼睛能塑造你一身惊人的匀称?TheTyger•Sixquatrains(fourlines)•Language•Terseandforcefulwithananvilrhythm•Methods•Repetition,personification•Symbolofgreattyger:•Thepowerofman?Therevolutionaryforce?Theevil?TheAlmightyMaker?Thelanguageinhispoemsisplainanddirect.Hispoemscarrythelyricbeautywithimmensecompressionofmeaning.Hedistruststheabstractnessandtendstoembodyhisviewswithvisualimages.Symbolisminwiderangeisalsoadistinctivefeatureofhispoetry.TheCharacteristicsofBlake’sPoetryRobertBurns•Hislife•Hispoetryworks:•AuldLangSyne•(waterloobridge)•MyHeart’sintheHighlands•Scots,WhaHae•TheTreeofLiberty•auldlangsyne(友谊天长地久)shouldauldacquaintancebeforgot,andneverbroughttomindforthesakeofauldlangsyneifyoueverchangeyourmind,butareleavingleavingmebehin