ContemporaryFascisminFrance当代法国法西斯主义

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ContemporaryFascisminFranceOncementioningFascism,peoplemaybegintothinkaboutGermanNaziduringWorldWarⅡ.AsonebranchofFascism,Naziisanevil,inhumanandsavageryaggressionwhichhasalreadypastalmostonecentury.However,littledidtheyknowthattherestillexistsNazismintheworld.ThetermFascismhasbeenillustratedbymanyscholarsfromdifferentcountries.AnrepresentativeoneisTurnerHenryAshby,whodefinedFascismas,“aformofradicalauthoritariannationalismthatcametoprominenceinearly20thcenturyEurope,influencedbynationalsyndicalism”(Turner,1975).Thisdefinitioniscommonlyacceptedworldwide.Nevertheless,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,nationalismhastransferredtootherformsandhidesundereverycorneroftheworld.Thus,newexplanationappearsconcerningonthiskindofnewnationalism.UmbertoEcomentionedthisphenomenoninhispaper,“InmycountrytodaytherearesomewhosaythattheWarofLiberationwasatragicperiodofdivision,andthatallweneedisnationalreconciliation”(Eco,1995).Thatistosay,thereisstillanumberofpeoplewhowanttolivebacktotheperiodofreconciliation.Franceisagoodexamplewhich“skillfullyclothedafascistdoctrineintheguiseofaseriousconservativeprogrambasedonanapparentacceptanceofRepublicanvalues(Wolfreys,1993)”.Believeitornot,thiskindofregimeexistsforcenturiesandstillinfluencesitscitizenseventhoughSocialistPartyhasclaimeditsauthorityonthepublic.AfterthetriumphofFrontNationalin1984,Francerestartedtostrengthen“itsrootsdeepintoatraditionalist,authoritarian,ultra-Catholicandrepublicanfar-fightpoliticalheritage”(Nougayrède,2015).Nomatterwhathappened,Francegovernmentanditscitizenstendtoattributeitsproblems,suchasunemployment,lowbirthrateandeconomicdepressiontointerferencefromothercountries.Throughouttheages,nativefrenchbelievethattheirraceissuperiortoothers,justasancientJewswhothinkthattheyaretheonlychosenone,exceptforthem,allotherracesshouldbecleanedout.Actually,asoneoftheoldestnationintheworld,Frankdosehaveitsrighttopride.UnderthedominationofNapoleon,FranceempireoncegaineditsgloriesforweepingEuropein1804.Livinginapowerfulandgloriouscountry,peopleenjoyedthelifeoffreedom,prideandmostimportantlyegocentric.Thatis,intheirdeepcognitionsystem,Frenchbelievethatnothingintheworldcancomparetotheirownnation.Therefore,itiseasytoimaginewhycitizensarewillingtosupportFrontNational’santi-immigrantsandanti-ENpolicy.Theyrejectotherraces,includingJews,Africans,andAsians,impedetheirimmigration,limittheircivilrightsoastokeeptheirownnationalpurity.Asaresult,thisradicalnationalismisfarbeyondthelevelofpatriotismandcausedFranceitselfalotoftroubles.Inthefirstplace,France’sracialdiscriminationresultsinsocialdisorder.AccordingtoJimWolfrey’spaper,“Whentheparty’spaper,LeNational,outlinethemainpointsoftheFNprogramin1977,nomentionwhatsoeverwasmadeofimmigrants”and“Afurtherbodywouldbesetup,responsibleforthedefenseofFrance’sbordersandforcontrollingthecountry’sforeignpopulation”(Wolfrey,1993).Thatistosay,Francegovernmenthassetupaseriesofrulesandtakenmanyactionstocontroltheactivityofimmigrantsinordertoprotecttheirownpeople’sright.BecauseofhistoricalinfluenceofFrenchRevolution,theFranceempirewascollapsedbyactivitiesfromothercountries.Sincethen,FrancewerenolongerapowerfulempirewhichdominatesallEurope.So,theyregardothersasenemy,andresistthemsoastoacountryofthe“enemywithout”.Althoughmentionedimmigration,MarieLePanmadenoexplicitclaimofit,butpreferredbringingbacktheRepublicanditslostterritories”(Nougayrède,2015).Besides,theFNprogramtriestocoverownpoliticalfaultandtakeimmigrantsasitsscapegoat.“Asidefromfairlyfamiliarxenophobiccomplaintsaboutimmigrantscausingcrimeandloweringeducationstandards,itchangesNorthAfricansimmigrantswithcontributingtothebalanceofpaymentscrisis”(Wolfreys,1993).Obviously,crimeandloweringeducationstandardsarenotjustimmigrants’fault,theyareresultedfromallkindsoffactors.JustastheterroristattackinParislastyear,immigrantsaredifficulttobeorganizedbygovernmentbecausetheyarelackofculturalbelongingnessandreligiousidentity.TheyarehomelessduetoinhumantreatmentinFrance.Therefore,forthem,aneffectivewaytodrawattentionistocausechaos,whichrootisFrance’sracialdiscrimination.Furthermore,centralizationofauthorityisolatesFranceitselffromeconomicglobalization.Inthiscountry,thesuperiorauthoritybelongstogovernmentandindividualonlyneedstoobeyit.“Inthefamilyorderisupheldbythefather,inthefirmbytheboss,inthenationbytheleader.‘Responsibilitytoabove,authoritytobelow’waswhatHitleroffered”(Wolfreys,1993).Tosomeextent,FranceFascismiscloselyrelatedtoGermanyNazismofthe1930sinthelevelofsocialsystem.Althoughgovernmentdoesnotinterferenationaleconomydirectly,itcontrolsoveralldevelopmenttrendthroughincreasingtaxes.Itishardtoimaginethattherich’staxisupto75%,exceedsothercountriesallovertheworldandofcourse,arousedstrongdissatisfactionamongthepublic.Theabsolutecontrolofgovernmentalsoresultsinheavylossofindividualenterprisewhichgreatlyimpedesthedevelopmentofnationaleconomy.Besides,theirFascismnotmanifestedinracialdiscrimination,suchasJews,NorthAfricansandAsians,butalsoinallaspectsofofdailylife.Forexample,inmoderntimes,Englishhasalrea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