深海热液喷口生物群落研究进展3

23620086ADVANCESINEARTHSCIENCEVol.23No.6Jun.,2008:100128166(2008)062060420931,2,3,1(1.,510640;2.,100049;3.,100037):,,,,,,,,,,,,:;;;:P736.22+1;Q178.533:A1,,1977,,2500m,,,[1],[2][39][1015][1620],[2123],[24],,,,,,,,22.13:2007210230;:2008204215.3:(:DYXM211520224204).:(19832),,,,/.E2mail:[e-mail]3:(19732),,,,/.E2mail:[e-mail]©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[25]8003500m,80350MPa[10],,,,350400,,,,,,1020[10]2.2[10],[26][3][26]:pH(23);H2CH4H2SCO2,,Mg;,200400[5,10,2527]3500,[25]2000(LostCity),,pH9,4090,CO2,H2CH4[4]3,[5]3.1,,,[6]:60110:5090,,90[1]2040:,Alvineltapompejan215:Riftiapachyp2tila,,,,,,,,,[3]Luther[7]pH,H2S/HS-FeT()AUS(),Riftiapachyptila,Alvineltapompejan,AUSFeSFe2+,,[4],AlvinocarididaeMytildaeVesicomyidae,,ProvannidaeLamellibrachiidaeMytildae,ProvannidaeAlvinocari2didaeMytildae,AlvinocarididshrimpsRimicaris,RimicarisBathymodiolus[5]Tunnlcllffe[8],,,,,Dover[9]Kairei(2519.23S,7002.42E)(Edmond)(2352.68S,6935.80E),,Kairei(stalkedneo2lepadinebarnacles)(scaly2footgas2tropods)(archinomidpolychaetes)(nemerteans),5066:©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[26],,,[2]Suzuki[28],,,,3.2,,,200010,500[25],400,11[5],,[3,29],,(),82%[27]1:(a),(b),(c,d),(d)(:)Fig.1Illustrationiofsomekeyspeciesindeep2seahydrothermalventcommunities:tubeworms(a),clams(b),mussels(c,d)andshrimps(d)(),[19,21],93%[8][3],,,,[11],,[19],,[30,31]Rau[32]198013C/12C,60623©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[30],,[20],Marker,3,3,C[30]Kuwa2haraCalyptogenaokutanii,,DNA,Calyptogenaoku2tanii,,,,Calypto2genaokutanii,[16],,,,2[2],,[2]3.3,;3:(1),[20](2),(3),[25],16SrRNA,,Ignicoccuspacificus,,[12]Kashefi[33]2003,121Marteinsson[34]ThermusBacillus,[19],[34]Aeropyrumcamini,[12],,,,Nautiliaceae,:Nautiliales[10],,4:Methanopyrus,Geoglobus,PalaeococcusPyrolobus,14[10]2,rRNArRNA90%2,2,2,MviNCiaBN2(NLG),22DNA,,,7066:©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[12]Table1Archaealobtainedfromthedeep2seahydrothermalventsin200022005[12]/()(s)(s)Ignicoccuspacificus709098H2S0Geoglobusahangari658890H2,,,Fe3+Geogemmabarossii-105107121H2Fe3+Palaeococcusferrophilus,608388S0,Fe3+Methanothermococcusokinawanensis,40606575H2,CO2Methanocaldococcusindicus508586H2CO2Methanotorrisformicicus558583H2,CO2Aeropyrumcamini,708597O2[17]Huber[18],(SSU)rRNAV6,AxialSeamount,V660001900,2700;3000018500,37000V6[18],,,(Crenarchaeota)(Euryarchae2ota),[21]Geslin,,9,,,Thermococcales[22],[21],,[23]Ortmann(Endeavour)3,,,,Ortmann,,[23]Alvinella[19];Alvinellidpolychaetes,[20],,,,[25],,[24]480623©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1]3[10]:4.1,,CO2H2(H2H2O),H2S[10],,S,,S0FeSH2S,,[11],,ThiobacillusThiomicrospiraThiothrix[35],[13],Methanopyrus,8590,CO2H2[10]60%[13],,80[10]AM24,Thermococcus,COCO2,H2H2OCO,CO[12]H2,Persephonel2laO2H2H2O[10],O2(H2),,0.076mmol/L0.055mmol/L100kJ,CO2ATP[1],Fe3+Mn2+Fe2+,,[15]2[14]Table2Lithoautotrophicasandtheirelectrondonor(s)andacceptor(s)inhydrothermalvents[14]HS-,S0,S2O2-3O2,NO-3NH+4,NO-2O2Fe2+,Mn2+O2H2S0,SO2-4H2CO2H2O2,NO-3CH4,COO24.2FoustoukosSeyfriedH,H2CO2[36],,CO2[37],9066:©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[10],Deferribacter,[12]1020,,[10]4.3,Caldithrixabyssi,,NH2[10]H2CO,Thermaceae,ThermococcusCaldanaerobacter[12]C[10]5,,,,,,[15],,,,,[38],[35],,,,,[18,39],,,,,(References):[1]ReysenbachAL,ShockE.Merginggenomeswithgeochemistryinhydrothermalecosystems[J].Science,2002,296:107721082.[2]WangChunsheng,YangJunyi,ZhangDongsheng,etal.Areviewondeep2seahydrothermalventcommunities[J].JournalofXiamenUniversity(NatureScience),2006,45(2):1412147.[,,,.[J].:,2006,45(2):1412147.][3]JollivetD.Specificandgeneticdiversityatdeep2seahydrothermalvents:Anoverview[J].BiodiversityandConservation,1996,5:161921653.[4]BoetiusA.Lostcitylife[J].Science,2005,307:142021422.[5]TarasovVG,GebrukAV,MironovAN,etal.Deep2seaandshallow2waterhydrothermalventcommunities:Twodifferentphe2nomena[J].ChemicalGeology,2005,224:5239.[6]LiRihui,HouGuiqing.Reserachadvancesindeep2seahydrother2malventcommunities[J].MarineGeologyandQuaternaryGeolo2gy,1999,19(4):1032108.[,.[J].,1999,19(4):1032108.][7]LutherWG,RozabFT,RozanFT,etal.Chemicalspeciationdriveshydrothermalventecology[J].Nature,2001,410:8132816.[8]TunnlcllffeV,FowlerRCM.Influenceofsea2floorspreadingontheglobalhydrothermalventfauna[J].Nature,1996,379:5312533.01623©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[9]DoverCLV,HumphrisSE,FornariD,etal.BiogeographyandecologicalsettingofIndianOceanhydrothermalvents[J].Science,2001,294:8182823.[10]MiroshnichenkoML.Thermophilicmicrobialcommunitiesofdeep2seahydrothermalvents[J].Microbiology,2004,73(1):1213.[11]XiaoTian,ChenDuo.Microbialprocessesatdeep2seahydrother2