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ESC-能量吸收式方向机柱技术解析Energy-absorbingSteeringColumnenergyabsorbingsteeringcolumn,whenthevehiclefrontcollisionaccidentsinparticular,maninthechestandheadbecausefromthesteeringwheelisclose,soitwouldbeeasytohitthesteeringwheel,andevenbodycollapseafterthesteeringwheelbackextrusion,isalsoveryeasytohurtandthedriver,sotheregulationsforsteeringsystemhassafetynorms,toUSAfederalsafetyregulationsFMVSSforexample,thesteeringsystemandsteeringcolumnconsistingofthetwoparagraph,areunder,oneforwhenthedummyto15mph(about25km/h)oftherelativeimpactvelocitywhenthesteeringwheel,theimpactforcetothedummychestproduced,shallnotbemorethan2500pounds(about1134kg)regulations,andwhento30mph(ca.48km/h)vehiclefrontalimpact,thesteeringwheelaftertheshiftamountshallnotexceed5inches(about12.7cm),thusthesteeringsystemisaveryimportantsafetysystem,inordertoachievetheregulation,steeringcolumnmustbedesignedtowithstandtheimpactwhenthecrushableway,canbearinthevehiclethefrontimpact,drivingpeopletoproceedtohitthesteeringwheelcanproducecollapseeffecttoabsorbtheimpactenergy,theimpactinjuriestoprotectthesafetyofpeopleofthelowest.Energy-absorbingSteeringColumn能量吸收式方向机柱,当车辆发生事故尤其是前面碰撞时,人的胸部及头部由于离方向盘较近,因此很容易就会撞到方向盘,甚至车身撞击溃缩之后方向盘向后挤压,亦是很容易伤及驾驶者,因此法规上对于转向系统都有安全上的规范,以美国联邦安全法规FMVSS为例,对于方向盘及方向机柱所组成的转向系统,有底下两项规定,一为当以假人以15mph(约25km/h)的相对速度撞击方向盘时,于假人的胸部产生的冲击力,不得大于2500磅(约1134公斤)的规定,且当以30mph(约48km/h)实车正面撞击时,此时方向盘的后移量不得超过5英寸(约12.7cm),由此可见转向系统乃是一项非常重要的安全系统,为达到此项法规,方向机柱必须设计成当承受撞击后可溃缩的方式,才能在车辆承受前面撞击时,驾驶人往前撞击到方向盘时能产生溃缩作用来吸收撞击的能量,将人的碰撞伤害降至最低的安全保护。ThissystemwillbeonwhenthecartailheightduetoloadvariationAndmakethecartailheightdecreasedorincreased,asystemtoadjusttotheoriginalheight.Canbedividedintotwokinds,onekindistheendAllindependentsuite,isonlyresponsibleforadjustingworkingcartailheight,anotherisintegratedintothesuspensioncontrolsystem,thissystemFollowsapproximatelytheactionmode,whenthevehicleload,suchasthebackseatforsittingortrunkhasplacedheavyandthetailstocksinks,islocatedintherearControlarmheightorpositionsensorsuspension,此系统会于当车尾高度因载重量的变化而使车尾高度降低或升高时,调整至原来高度的一项系统。大致可区分为两种,一种是完全独立的套件,只负责车尾高度的调整工作,另一种即是整合于悬吊控制系统中,此系统的大致作用方式如下,当车辆载重时,如后座因坐人或行李箱有放重物而使车尾下沉,位于后悬吊下控制臂上的高度或位置感知器,便会告知电脑此一状况,在电脑确认此一状况一段时间后,认为此车尾高度的改变确实来自车重的增加,而非路面状况的暂态影响,便会起动一空压机将空气灌入后避震器中,使后避震器重新将车尾顶起,至车高恢复至原车有车身正常的车姿,相反的,若车尾车重降低至使车尾高度升高,则ALS系统会将避震器内的部分高压气排出,使车身保持标准,此种调整除可以保持车身一定的舒适乘坐姿势外,又可以维持一定的操安性能。willinformthecomputerofthissituation,inthecomputertoconfirmthissituationforaperiodoftimeAftertheinterthinkincreasethiscartailheightchangesareindeedfromtheweight,thetransienteffectratherthantheroadconditions,willstartaAircompressorfillsairintotherearshockabsorber,therearshockabsorberwillrethetailofthecartocartop,highreturntotheoriginalcarbodynormalThevehiclepose,onthecontrary,ifthecartailweightisreducedtomakethecartailheightincreased,theALSsystemwillbeinsidetheshockabsorberpartshighPressuregasisexhausted,sothatthebodyremainsthestandard,theadjustmentinthebodycanmaintainacertaincomfortforsittingposture,butalsocankeepCertainoperatingsafetyperformance.