名词冠词数词及练习100道

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1Nouns(名词)和Articles(冠词)Nouns(名词)1名词概述:表示人名、地名、食物名称以及抽象概念名称的词E.g.LiuXiang刘翔Shanghai上海chocolate巧克力Expo世博future未来2名词分类:名词可以根据其意义分为专有名词和普通名词两大类1专有名词:独一无二的个人、事物、地点、团体、机关、组织或国家等的专有名称E.g.PrinceWilliam威廉王子Indians印第安人theGreatWall长城Asia亚洲theChineseCommunistParty中国共产党FIFA国际足联theUnitedStates美国2普通名词包括:个体名词:student学生dictionary字典panda熊猫集体名词:family家庭people人民class班级物质名词:tea茶meat肉rain雨butter奶油抽象名词:friendship友谊happiness幸福progress进步victory胜利3名词的数:可数名词和不可数名词1可数名词A.复数构成规则变化:1)一般情况下直接在词尾加-s:book—booksbed—beds2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词尾加-es:bus—busesbox—boxesdish—disheswatch—watches3)以f或fe结尾的词,变f或fe为v,再在词尾加-es:leaf—leavesknife—knives4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i,再在词尾加-es:city—citescountry—counties5)以“元音字母+o”结尾的词在词尾加-s;以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词大多在词尾加-es:hero—heroespotato—potatoestomato-tomatoesB.复数构成不规则变化:1)元音发生变化:foot—feetgoose—geesewoman—womenmouse—mice2)词尾发生变化:child—childrenox—oxen3)单复数同形:fish—fishsheep—sheepdeer—deercattle—cattle4)表示“某国人”的名词复数形式词尾加-s:German—GermansGreek—GreeksIndian—IndiansRussian—RussiansAmerican—AmericansAustralian—AustraliansCanadian—Canadians单复数同形:Chinese—ChineseJapanese—Japanese将单数名词词尾-man为-men:Englishman—EnglishmenFrenchwoman—Frenchwomen5)外来词:phenomenon—phenomenasoprano—sopranos6)有些名词只有复数形式:trousers裤子scissors剪刀clothes衣服compasses圆规7)复合名词的复数形式把第一个或最后一个词变成复数:passer-by—passers-by过路人grow-up—grown-ups成年人story-teller—story-tellers讲故事的人把构成复合名词的两个词都变成复数:mandoctor—mendoctorswomanteacher—womenteachers2不可数名词A.量的表达21)在前面加表示数量的短语。如:atubeoftoothpaste一支牙膏apieceofnews一则新闻abottleofink一瓶墨水acupofcoffee一杯咖啡2)用some,much,alittle,alotof,plentyof,agreatdealof等词修饰,如:alittlebutteralotoffoodplentyoftimeagreatdealofmoneymuchwaterB.可用复数的情况:1)表示不同类别时,可用复数。如:fishes各种鱼fruits各种水果teas各种茶2)有些物质名词或抽象名词表达具体的人或事时,可变成可数名词。如:coffee咖啡—acoffee一杯咖啡cloth布—acloth一块桌布或抹布failure失败—afailure失败的人或是事success成功—asuccess成功的人或事glass玻璃—twoglasses两只玻璃杯chicken鸡肉—achicken一只小鸡4名词的所有格:1’s所有格:主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名词,A.如果名词已有复数词尾-s或-es,则只在名词后加“’”,e.g.hisparents’room但不以词尾-s或-es结尾的复数名词,其所有格仍然要加“’s”,e.g.men’sclothesB.两人或多人共有一种东西时,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’s,e.g.ThisisAnnandmysister’sroom.这是安和我的妹妹的房间。但表示各自所有,则需要在每个名字后加’se.g.TheyareJohn’sandNick’sfather.他们是约翰和尼克的父亲。C.有时所有格’s所修饰的名词可以省略,e.g.thetailor’s(shop)裁缝店atLi’s(home)在李家D.’s所修饰的名词若前面已提到,或后面要提起,则往往省略以避免重复,e.g.HispronunciationismuchbetterthanPeter’s.John’sisanicecar,too.2无生命的名词所有格,结构为“名词+of+名词”,e.g.thewindowsoftheclassroom教室的窗户thelegsofthedesk桌子腿有时’s结构也可以转换成of结构,表示强调:theboy’stoy=thetoyoftheboy3双重所有格:构成“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”,e.g.afriendofmyfather’s我父亲朋友中的一个severalfriendsofmine我的几个朋友In-ClassExercises:1.A:Who’sstandingoverthere?B:_____?A.Browns’B.Brown’sC.TheBrownsD.Brown2.Thisprofessorgavehimoneofthebest_____afterclass.A.pieceofadviceB.piecesofadvicesC.pieceofadvicesD.piecesofadvice3.Yourplayis______.A.agreatsuccessB.greatsuccessC.greatsuccessesD.agreatpieceofsuccess4.Gostraight,_____andyou’llfindasignforthetoilet.A.threeminutes’awayB.threeminutes’walk3C.threeminute’sawayD.threeminute’swalk5.Ihavethreepenfriends.Oneis____theothertwoare_____.A.Japanese;AmericaB.Russian;GermanyC.Canada;AustraliaD.English;Frenchmen6.Linda,I’veboughtmany_____.Nowlet’smakethebirthdaycake.A.fresheggsB.chocolatemilkC.frozenfoodD.ricedumplings7._______motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoChengdu.A.LiLeiandLucy’sB.LiLei’sandLucy’sC.LiLeiandLucyD.LiLei’sandLucy8.Wehaveboughttwo_____forthecomingparty.A.boxofappleB.boxesofapplesC.boxofapplesD.boxesofapple9.Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?A.Palmer’sB.ThePalmer’sC.ThePalmersD.ThePalmer’s10.Wedecidetogoforafieldtripwithsomefriendsof_____.A.usB.ourC.oursD.ourselvesCDABDABBCCArticles(冠词)冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the),和零冠词I.不定冠词(a,an)的用法:1指一类人或事,相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物,非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示“每一”相当于every,oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事AMr.Smithcametovisityouwhenyouwereout.ThatgirlisratheraLeiFen.6quite,rather,many,half,what,such后Thisroomisratherabigone.7so(as,too,how)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.8固定词组中acoupleof/abit/onceuponatime/inahurry/haveawalk…II.定冠词(the)的用法:1表示某一类人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniverse,themoon3表示说话双方都了解或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4乐器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5形容词和分词前表示一类人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”theGreens,theWangs7序数词和形容词副词比较级、最高级前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8国家、党派,江河湖海,山川群岛等名词前theCommunistPartyofChina,theUnitedStates,thePacificOcean9发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.410在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代inthe1990’s11单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12方位名词,身体部位名词,表示时间的词组前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.III.零冠词的用法:1专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名、地名前PekingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone.Whosepurseisthis?3季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前LincolnwaselectedPresidentofAmerica.5学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前bytrain,byair,byland7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.In-ClassExercises1.--John,thereis________Mr.Wilso

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