2015考研英语长难句突破讲义--何凯文--8页--20131022

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何凯文考研系列讲义之长难句突破答疑QQ:5767282972015考研英语长难句突破讲义主讲人:何凯文北京外国语大学适用对象:考研学子,四级,六级英语学习或相当英语水平者。课程目的:打破英语阅读学习的幻觉,真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户,人生从此再无长难句。为翻译和英文写作夯实基础。英中文转化过程中在句子层面的障碍例子:语义障碍的解决:英语句子可以是这样的:Thereissomethingbyreasonofwhichmanisman.英语句子的分类:句和简单句的定义:句简单句的障碍来源简单句没有障碍的情况:1.2.3.4.5.Tom,doyoutakeJerryforyourlawfulwife,tohaveandtohold,fromthisdayforward,forbetter,forworse,forricher,forpoorer,insicknessandinhealth,untildeathdopartyou?简单句的障碍来源:n1.2.简单句的障碍识别及处理方法定语3.4.作用和识别:uu前置定语:处理:后置定语:astudentunawareofmypresenceUltramanfightingwithxiaoguaisouabookdescribingthewaratheoryholdingthatanimalalsohasrightapicturepaintedbyPicassoacompanyfoundedlastyearn.+ascholarprivilegedtovisitthegalleryawaytosolvethisproblemanappleonthetableacatalivesomethingimportant1何凯文考研系列讲义之长难句突破答疑QQ:576728297例子:Hesuccessfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagame.处理:定语从句(不属于简单句范畴)定语从句的作用:前世:今生:Ihavethreebooksofwhichtheredismyfavorite.例子:定语从句的识别:关系代词:定语从句的连接词:关系连(副)词:介词+关系代词:定语从句的处理方法:Eg1.ApoemlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver.Eg2.Manisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.Eg3.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Eg4.Thesunrisesthatlooksbeautiful.Eg5.n同位语定义和作用:上下义词深度例子:识别:5.A的作用Eg1.TheCourtsupportedthemedicalprincipleofdoubleeffect,acenturies-oldmoralprinciple.Eg2.Robotswillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.4.AofB为同位语的条件:2何凯文考研系列讲义之长难句突破答疑QQ:576728297上下义词的作用:1.2.例子:同位语从句:(不属于简单句的范畴)结构识别:名词+that+句子例子:Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed-weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgia,sonsofformerslavesandsonsofformerslave-ownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.Ihaveadreamthatoneday,eventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreammyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday!FromIHaveaDream~MartinLutherKingnn插入语定义和作用:识别:处理:万能插入语:Ratherthan:状语定义和作用:例句:Sheisadmittedlyreliable.Itispainfullyapparentthatsheisaliar.China'slong-termmodernizationprogramunderstandablyandnecessarilyemphasizeseconomicgrowth.识别:区别:处理:例1:Usingtechniquesdevelopedfortheoffshoreoilandgasindustry,theDSDP’sdrillship,theGlamarChallenger,wasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean’ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,3何凯文考研系列讲义之长难句突破答疑QQ:576728297extractingsamplesofsedimentsandrocksfromtheoceanfloor.(FromTOEFLauthentictest)例2:Afewartcollectors---JamesBowdenⅢofBoston,WilliamByrdofVirginian,andtheAliensAndHamiltonofPhiladelphia---introducedEuropeanarttraditionstothosecolonistsprivilegedtovisittheirgalleries,especiallyaspiringartists,andestablishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.(FromTOEFLauthentictest)对一种隔离结构的强调1.Theymaintainwithacertainfidelitytheprincipleofthisschool.2.Heelectedashisprimarydutyandhappinessinhislifethethinkingactivityaboutthemoralproblem.非简单句的障碍来源非简单句的构成:非简单句的障碍:n非简单句的组装:关联词分类:1.关系代词:2.关系连词:3.标点符号:4.并列连词:句子间的关联方式:规则一:主句专一原则1.一个句子只能有一个主句,主句中没有关联词。2.一个句子中有n个分句,则只有n-1个关联词。例证:规则二:并列对等原则:(1).连接两个句子(句间的并列)4何凯文考研系列讲义之长难句突破答疑QQ:576728297(2).连接两个句中成分可以是从句也可以是短语等(句中并列),从连词后往前寻找并列成分。(3).并列连词表示并列的终结(4).并列常常引起省略(可以是省略并列成分也可以省略连词如and等)例1.Hedrankbeer,anditmadehimfat.句间的并列例2.ItisalittleupsettingtoreadthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficerandtofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.(句中并列)解析:并列成分为toread…andtofind…例3.AandB,CandD.解析:并列连词表示并列的终结就意味着:例4.例5.例6.例7.ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.TOseetheworldinagrainofsandAndaheaveninawildflowerHoldinfinityinthepalmofyourhandAndeternityinanhour.ThelovesongofthesixthDalaiLamaTshangs-dbyangs-rgya-mtsho(1683-1707or1746),wastheSixthDalaiLamaofTibet,hewasalsoawell-acclaimedpoet.Thatday,IclosedmyeyesintheincensefogoftheBuddha’sHall,suddenlyheardthemantrafromyourvoice;Thatmonth,Iturnedalltheprayerwheels,notformysalvation,butforthetouchofyourfingertips;Thatyear,Iprostratedmyselfalongthemountainpaths,notformypilgrimage,butforthewarmthofbeingclosetoyou;Thatlife,Iturnedaroundmountainsandrivers,IturnedaroundallthePagodas,notforearningmyafterlife,buttomeetwithyouintheway.u主从复合(嵌套)的分类:三大从句:名词性从句:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句形容词性从句:定语从句副词性从句:状语从句常见的关联词:名词性从句:关系代词:what,who,whom,which,关系连词:that,when,where,how,形容词性从句:见定语从句副词性从句:层次化句子阅读法:5何凯文考研系列讲义之长难句突破答疑QQ:5767282971.层次化结构的表示形式例1:However,formanyyears,physiciststhoughtthatatomsandmoleculesalwaysweremuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneouslyandthatstimulatedemi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