2015高考英语阅读和短文改错能力练习题及析

-1-2015高考英语阅读和短文改错能力练习题及析完形填空Itakeadeepbreath,crossmyfingersandstepforward.AmIabouttotaketheleapbeforebungee-jumping?1,I’mabouttocrosstheroadonmywaytowork.Therehavebeenafew2inthepressoverthelastcoupleofmonthsabout“Chinese-styleroadcrossing”.Thedefinitionofthis3is“alargenumberofpeoplejaywalking(乱穿马路)togetherbecausetheyfeel4inabiggroup”.Crossingtheroadisasimpletaskbutsometimesitcanbetime-consuminganddangerous.Itcanbe5totryandrushacrosstheroadwhilethered6isstilllit;it’sonlyashortdistance,what’sthe7thatcanhappen?Manypedestriansdon’tseemtounderstandthe8theyaretaking.Ifthelight’songreen,thenmostdriverswon’tpayattention,9thatnoonewillbecrossingtheroad.Ifthedriverdoesnotice,it’spossiblethattheymaynothavethe10stoppingdistancetobeabletostop11hittingtheperson.Also,steppingoutontoaroadatthewrong12causesvehiclestoslowdown,meaningthecarsbehindthemhavetoslowdown,creatinga13effectpossiblyevenalongtailback(车辆长队).14,itcanbedifficulttosticktotheruleswhenthereis15pedestrian-friendlycrossingsanditseemsthatdriversdon’tfollowtherules,either.Evenifthegreenmanisshowing,carsarestillallowedtoturnrightatmanylights,oftenturningintolargecrowdsofpeople16crossingtheroad.Manytimesthesecarsdon’tslowdown,meaningpedestrianshavetoquicklymoveoutoftheway.Italsomeansthatpeople17crosstheroadwhentheyshouldbeallowedto—maybethisisamotivatingfactorforso-calledjaywalkers.Drivingacardoesn’tmeanyouhavemorerights.It’saprivilegeandwiththatprivilegecomesalotof18.Itdoesn’tseemcompletely19topunishpedestriansfortakingmattersintotheirownhandsonaroadsystemthat’sdesignedagainstthem.Arethinkofthewaypedestriancrossingworkanddrivereducationmay20astopto“Chinese-styleroadcrossing”.【文章大意】本文主要讲述“中国式过马路”的现象、原因及其对交通产生的影响,并提出了作者自己的看法。1.A.YesB.NoC.WhyD.However【解析】选B。前后照应题。否定前面的问句,引出下文。2.A.articlesB.sentencesC.storiesD.persons【解析】选A。前后照应题。下句提到“中国式过马路”的现象,结合此处信息press,可推知是在出版物上的“文章”。3.A.wordB.nameC.phraseD.term【解析】选C。词义辨析题。phrase表示(简洁的)说法。term指专业术语,一般指科技、学术方面的。此句为“中国式过马路”这种说法的定义是……。4.A.greatB.happyC.safeD.strong【解析】选C。词义辨析题。“中国式过马路”即“凑够一大群人就过马路”,因为他们感觉这样有安全感。-2-5.A.temptingB.interestingC.excitingD.shocking【解析】选A。词义辨析题。tempting指“有诱惑力的”,往往用于怂恿某人干不正当的事。从整句可知当红灯还亮时,大家就跃跃欲试,冲过马路。6.A.boyB.manC.girlD.woman【解析】选B。背景常识题。指红灯,显示一个红色人形图。7.A.moreB.worstC.betterD.faster【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。theworst最坏的事,此处表示“最糟糕会发生什么事?”。8.A.riskB.liftC.lightD.road【解析】选A。固定搭配题。本段主题句,下文讲到“中国式过马路”的危险性,故用固定搭配taketherisk(冒险)。9.A.hopingB.believingC.guessingD.assuming【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。如果(机动车方向的)绿灯亮着,司机就会以为没有人会横穿马路。assuming指“假定,认为(但未能证明)”。10.A.requiredB.requestedC.suggestedD.allowed【解析】选A。词义辨析题。车在刹车后到停止有一定的制动距离,required指“所需的,规定的”。requested请求的;suggested建议的;allowed允许(某人拥有或某事发生)的,意思不恰当。11.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据句意可知,此处为“在……之前”。12.A.directionB.timeC.placeD.speed【解析】选B。词义辨析题。在错误的时间行人穿马路会阻碍车辆的行进。at与direction搭配不对,place与speed意思不符合语境。13.A.knock-upB.knock-onC.knock-downD.knock-back【解析】选B。固定搭配题。aknock-oneffect连锁反应。14.A.OntheonehandB.OntheotherhandC.OnthecontraryD.Onthisoccasion【解析】选B。固定搭配题。上段谈到“中国式过马路”的危害性,此段又为此种过马路方式辩护。ontheotherhand另一方面,用于比较不同或相对立的事实或想法。15.A.alotofB.agreatdealofC.alackofD.anumberof【解析】选C。短语辨析题。pedestriancrossings人行道,-friendly方便……的。当缺乏方便行人过马路的人行道时,要遵守交通规则就难了。16.A.safelyB.slowlyC.worriedlyD.legally【解析】选D。词义辨析题。此句解释“中国式过马路”现象产生的一个原因是绿灯亮,行人照理应该可以走,但车辆此时右转,就必然开进人群。legally合法地,依照法律地。17.A.can’tB.shouldn’tC.won’tD.mustn’t【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。此句进一步解释。句意:行人在(绿灯亮时)该允许走时,却不能走(因为右转弯的车子阻碍了他们),这就导致了“中国式过马路”。-3-18.A.responsibilityB.possibilityC.personalityD.reality【解析】选A。词义辨析题。根据上下文可知,作者认为开车并非意味着有更多特权(车与行人都有路权),但这种特权必定有相应的责任。responsibility责任;possibility可能性;personality性格;reality现实。19.A.severeB.mildC.fairD.unjust【解析】选C。前后照应题。take...intoone’shands意为“擅自处理”。句意:行人因自行处理(即选择“中国式过马路”方式)不合理的道路系统而受惩罚,这似乎并不公平。20.A.addB.putC.setD.attach【解析】选B。固定搭配题。固定搭配putastoptosth.意为“停止”。阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。(2013·湖北，E)AGermanstudysuggeststhatpeoplewhoweretoooptimisticabouttheirfutureactuallyfacedgreaterriskofdisabilityordeathwithin10yearsthanthosepessimistswhoexpectedtheirfuturetobeworse.Thepaper,publishedthisMarchinPsychologyandAging,examinedhealthandwelfaresurveysfromroughly40,000Germansbetweenages18and96.Thesurveyswereconductedeveryyearfrom1993to2003.Surveyrespondents(受访者)wereaskedtoestimatetheirpresentandfuturelifesatisfactiononascaleof0to10,amongotherquestions.Theresearchersfoundthatyoungadults(age18to39)routinelyoverestimatedtheirfuturelifesatisfaction,whilemiddleagedadults(age40to64)moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.Adultsof65andolder,however,werefarmorelikelytounderestimatetheirfuturelifesatisfaction.Notonlydidtheyfeelmoresatisfiedthantheythoughttheywould,theolderpessimistsseemedtosufferalowerratio(比率)ofdisabilityanddeathforthestudyperiod.“Weobservedthatbeingtoooptimisticinpredictingabetterfuturethanactuallyobservedwasassociatedwithagreaterriskofdisabilityandagreaterriskofdeathwithinthefollowingdecade，”wroteFriederR.Lang,aprofessorattheUniversityofErlangenNuremberg.Langandhiscolleaguesbelievedthatpeoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractionsthanpeoplewhoexpectedarosyfuture.“Seeingadarkfutu