2016届新课标高考英语二轮复习学案(8-7)专题五短文改错

2016届新课标高考英语二轮复习学案专题五短文改错2013—2015高考(新课标)全国卷短文改错各类考点及题量统计表短文改错考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。设题一般包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。通常是学生在英语运用中常见的错误。通过对近三年的短文改错题的分析，可以预测2016年短文改错的命题趋向将主要体现在以下几个方面：1．命题难度基本保持稳定，体裁多以贴近学生生活的记叙文、应用文为主。文章一般为100词左右。2．错误设置类型相对稳定，常见类型有：错词、多词、少词。3．考查内容覆盖面广，分布合理，但有所侧重。从时态、语态、非谓语动词到各类词法(包括动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、关联词等)、句法等，均有所考查。4．考查考生对文章中心思想的把握，以及对文章的整体理解与结构的分析判断。(一)(2015·全国Ⅰ)WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity，butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately，onthedevelopmentofindustrialization，theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso，we’lllivetoregretit.(二)(2015·全国Ⅱ)Oneday，littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.Itwasverycrowded.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.Fiveminuteslater，Tonysawparents.Momsaid，“Hownicetoseeyouagain！DadandIwereterribleworried.”Tonypromisedherthatthiswouldneverhappenagain.(三)(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)Nearlyfiveyearsbefore，andwiththehelpbyourfather，mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.Sincethen—foralltheseyear—wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself­seedwheretheyplease.Asresult，theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize，butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear，butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!(四)(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)Mydreamschoolstartsat8：30a．m.andendsat3：30p．m.Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Wedidn’tneedtodosomanyhomework.Therefore，wehavemoretimewithafter­schoolactivities.Forexample，wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportsforonehoureveryday.Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.Wecanlieonthegrassforarest，orsatbythelakelisteningmusic.Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.Theyarenotonlyourteachersbutalsoourfriends.(五)(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ)Ihardlyremembermygrandmother.Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.Iwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.Sheisjustadistantmemoryformenow.Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.Hewastall，withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardgrayovertheyears.Hehadadeepvoice，whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown，hewasstrongandpowerful.Inafact，heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.However，hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.(六)(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ)ThebookI’mreadingoftalksaboutafternoonteainBritain.Itissaidtohavestartedintheearly1800’s.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.Thiscustomsoonbecomesanothermealofday.Interesting，ithadaconnectionbytheBritishporcelain(瓷器)industry.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.WhenteagotpopularinBritain，therewasacryingneedforgoodcupwithhandlestosuitBritishhabits.Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.一、谓语动词考点1时态前后不一致[典例1]WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.(2015·全国Ⅰ)分析整个语境讲的就是过去的事情，所以think也是当时的想法，故应该用一般过去时。故think改为thought。[典例2]Inthemornings，itwasfullofstudentsexercising.Theviewfromthebackoftheclassroomisalsosplendid.Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytrees...(2015·浙江)分析从前一句中的itwas到后面一句的therewas可以判断整个语境应该是一般过去时，所以将is改为was。[典例3]Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.(2015·全国Ⅱ)分析句子的主语为Awoman，谓语为saw，crying为宾补，and连接的是两个谓语，而不是两个宾补，所以telling应改为told。考点2缺少谓语或谓语动词形式错误[典例1]Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment.(2015·全国Ⅰ)分析情态动词must后应该跟动词原形，句中we与find之间为主谓关系，所以found应改为find。[典例2]Sorealfriendshipshouldabletostandallsortsoftests.(2014·大纲全国)分析able是形容词不能直接作谓语动词，其前应加be，beabletodosth.意为“能够做某事”。考点3语态错误[典例1]Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.(2015·全国Ⅰ)分析studies与show之间为主动关系，所以应该去掉been。[典例2]Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.(2015·全国Ⅱ)分析wasscared与begun为并列谓语，scared为形容词，表示过去的动作或状态，begin的过去式是began，所以begun改为began。[典例3]TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ)分析tea与drink之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态，动词drink的过去分词为drunk。考点4主谓不一致[典例1]Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)分析整篇短文的语境为一般现在时，而且主语为第三人称单数Mydreamschool，因此谓语动词应用looks。[典例2]Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.(2014·辽宁)分析本句主语为Theearlymorningbarking，baking为不可数名词作主语，故谓语动词have应改为has。考点5情态动词误用以及虚拟语气[典例1]Ifyouareme，wouldyoutalktothem？(2015·四川)分析“如果你是我”这个假设一定是虚拟语气，表示与现在情况相反，所以are改为were。[典例2]Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile，IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImustmakemytoyslast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.(2012·新课标全国)分析must必须，一定，用在此处语境不合适。句意为：同时，我发现耐心一些，我可以让我的玩具持久些。所以应用could/might。方法归纳做动词类改错题时，需注意以下几个方面：,1判断一般现在时与一般过去时是否错用。,2and，but，so，or等并列连词前后的时态是否一致。,3除了时态，还要注意主谓是否一致。,4看是否考查虚拟语气。,5看谓语部分是否