跨国经营中供应链管理的研究

华中科技大学硕士学位论文跨国经营中供应链管理的研究姓名：郑先锋申请学位级别：硕士专业：工商管理指导教师：吴兆龙20051021IIBMERPIIAbstractEconomicglobalizationhasbecomethemostoutstandingtendencyinthecurrenteconomicactivitiesintheword,whichshowsthemostimportantcharacteristicisproductionglobalization.SinceMulti-nationalCorporationassumesitsleadingroleinproductionglobalization,economicglobalizationhasmainlydrivenbythedevelopmentofMulti-nationalcorporations.Inordertoobtainthehighestprofitandmaintainitscompetitiveadvantageintheinternationaloperating,Multi-nationalCorporationmustadjustitsstrategiestoimprovecapabilitiesofresourcesintegrityontheglobalbasis.Asaconspicuousmanagementtheoryandapplication,moreandmoreenterprisesarespendingspecialattentionsonSupplyChainManagement(SCM).Particularlyit’sveryimportantforMulti-nationalCorporationstowinintheglobalcompetitions.Comparedwithnativesupplychain,globalsupplychainhassomedifferencesontimedistanceandoperatingenvironmentovercountriesorregions.Therefore,ahighefficiencyglobalsupplychainmanagementmustestablishglobalservicesystem,internationalinformationsystemandinternationalcollaborationnetwork.WhatdiscussedinthisarticleincludesSCMtheorydescriptionandprovidessomeresolutionsonhowtoachieveglobalresourceintegrityandhighestefficientbenefitsthroughdescribessuccesscasesfromacoupleoffamousMulti-nationalCorporationssuchasHP,DELLandIBMwhichareleadingITindustryintheworld.Weneedtopaymoreattentiontothedevelopmentofnativesupplychainmanagementundercurrentsituationsthatourcompaniesneedtobepreparedforthechallengesintheworldwiderange.KeywordsEconomyGlobalizationSupplychainmanagementMultinationalCorporationGlobalsupplychainmanagement111.12040502150%90%80%70%[1]SupplyChainManagement,SCMGlobalSupplyChainManagement,GSCM1.1.112[2]2[3]120802320903452080“”1.1.27O7OIBM[4]120904“”AOL[5]2AT&T2142231.1.3112,53,,4523[6],,,ECRQR,EDIPOS(CAO)(ASN)(VMI),1.2162722.12.1.1SupplyChainManagement,SCM2-1,,,,,,,,,[7]2-18[8]2-2::,(Intranet),Internet,,,,,92.1.2[9]1232.1.32-2Internet/Intranet102.22.2.1:;;;;;;;[10]2.2.211[11]2.2.312-3BullwhipEffect[12]22-312POS2-43[13]CooperationMechanismDecisionMechanismEncourageMechanismBenchmarkingMechanism4[14]2-52-413–—--——--[15]--———JIT2-62080[16]2-5142-62.32.3.112090174740050[17]215320ISO42()2.3.21[18](A.Weber)16[12]2123EDI4(5)3174[19]“”5[20]18(X.Yang,andJ.Borland,1991)2.3.31209047%42.6%1.9%34%6UPS[21]2119MOTO[22]22620390——60----[23]82479042180202-1222-1242333.13.1.112[24]3243.1.2IBMLTO1[25].(InventoryBufer)“”225LTO123845[26]3.2ITIT26ITITIT24X7[27]3.364ERP27ValueCollaborationNetworkVCN[28]VCNVCNERP//VCN21VCN2800CPCKeyChainCRMSOMSIT3.3.1111988DeskJet562898%721622000110V220VMake-to-StockJIT34VancouverPCATASICsROMFAT2998%3000JIT+518%3000210EdwardFPensel101101030CEO[29]OEMPC6PC26%UNIX[30]2Pensel2003436Pensel31Pensel5%IT315%20%[24]PCCPCInternet17%60%CMODMOEMDSPLSP—KeyChain322004100%75020642001BOM---50%20%11000CmiiCPCCmiiCmiiICMCmiiCmiiCmiiCPCPTCWindchillCmii33ERP20026EPDMD1500BOM520%341840%14003.3.2198411“”ERP22ERPERP505034[32]2DEL(DirectBusinessModel)DEL“”DEL“”“”DEL“”?“”“”170530-1404-51021(Gmeway)2546“”“”“”35“”[33]2[34]1998199912776200073872000101999480(1)(2)“——”361120086%“”“”——“”“”“—”371314“”“”3.3.3IBMIBM(LinearTapeOptLT0)1LT0IBM2000IBMLT0LTOIBMIBMIBMIBMIBM(3-1)38IBMIBM.LTOLTOIBM5LTO“”2“”IBM123(Benchmark)IBM3-1LTO394LTO(3-2)[28]()3IBM——IBMIBM(ChinaPurchasingCenter)IBM(Just-in-timeJIT)3-2LTO40LTO1IBM23LTOIBMIBM..“”(secondguess)“”3.3.41“”“”ERP3-33-341123“”[35]42—1“””42“”2PC3“”3IBM2004IBM70200320IBM43IBM[36]————3.3.51144221ERPERPCRMCMISERPERPERP(eERP-extendedERP)ERPeERP(CRM)ERP[37]2(e-chain)ERP4531--2CollaborativePlanningForecasting&Replenishment,CPFR[38]4[39]464744.1ERP1990ITGartnerGroupInc.SCMERPenterprisesresourcesplanningERPMRPmanufacturingresourcesplanningERPMRPERPERPERPERP4.1.1ERPMRPERPMRPERPMRP[40]ERPMRP81248MRPCRP3BRP45678ERPMRP5123JITTQMTOP454.1.2ERP1ERPERPERPERPMRPERPMRP[41]249ERP——ERPERP“”ERPERPMRPERPERPERPERPERP503[42]MRPERPERPERPbestpractices4.21[43]511234567892521234EDI123453EDIEDIEDIEDI5455.1200539IBMPCPCCEOPC2005PC22.74[44]20043(IIPC);20022004153142005i220036i234i255ITi220053101110114.121314(48)1441i231012200448241[45]5.2561234[46]572002SAPIBM580259[1].[J].:,2004(6):107-109[2]GaryHamel,C.K.Prahalad.CompetingfortheFuture[M].Boston:HarvardBusinessSchoolPress,1999:11-13[3].[J]..:,2000(10):7-16[4][](ThereseFlaherty).[M]().,,.:,2003:23-26[5],.2090[J].:,2002(1):11-14[6]RichardR.Nelson,SidneyG.Winter:AnEvolutionaryTheoryofEconomicChange,theBelknapPressofHarvard,UniversityPress,2002:18-21[7],.[M].,2000:4-33[8].[M].:,2003:41-45[9]RobertBHandfield,ErnestLNichols.IntroductiontoSupplyChainManagement.UpperSaddleRiver,N.J.:PrenticeHall,1999:25-28[10].[M].:,2002:21-23[11][]·(DaveNelson).[M]..,2003:45-50[12]M.Christopher.LogisticsandSupplyChainManagement[M].NewYork:RichardD.Irwin,Inc.,1994:135-160[13]..:,2000:133-150[14]..,2002:86-90[15][](ThereseFlaherty).[M].,,.:,2003:253-256[16]KitDavis.SupplyChainManagement:WhatIsItandWhereIsItHeading.RetailInfoSystemsNews,Apr,1999:133-14860[17][].J..[M]..:,1999:30-34[18]M.E.Peter.ClustersandNewEconomics