1综合教程1第一单元Becauseofthesizablecolonialtradeswithmanyoverseasareas,thegoldandsilvercoinsofalltheimportantcommercialcountriesofEuropeandtheirdependenciesintheWesternHemispherewerefreelyexchangedthroughouttheeasternseaboard.MoreimportantthanEnglishcoins,whichcouldnotbelegallyexportedfromBritaintothecolonies,weretheslivercoinsoftheSpanishmint.ThesewerestruckinMexicoCityandLimaandintroducedintotheSpanishcolonies.SpanishdollarsweresocommoninthecoloniesthatthecoinwaseventuallyadoptedasthemonetaryunitoftheUnitedStates.AlthoughMassachusettsfirstattemptedtomintcoinsoflowbullioncontentasearlyas1652,thecolonieseventuallyturnedtopapertoincreasetheirmeagerandundependablemoneysupply。Thepromissorynotesofwell—knownindividualsandbillsofexchangedrawnonEnglishmerchantsreadilyexchangedhandsforseveralmonths.Inaddition,treasuresofthevariouscoloniesbegantoissuepromissorynotesinadvanceoftaxcollectionandissuewrittenorderstotownofficersrequiringthepaymentsofobligationsfromlocalstores,likeothernegotiableinstruments,thesepiecesofpaperwereexchangedonendorsementasmoney.由于殖民地与许多海外地区的大量贸易,所有欧洲的重要商业国及其在西半球的附属国的金银铸币在北美东海岸都可以自由交易。由于法律不允许英国货币从英国流向殖民地,相比之下,西班牙货币显得更加重要。这些货币在墨西哥城几利马铸造,再流入西班牙殖民地。西班牙币在殖民地被普遍使用,以至这种货币最终成为美国的货币单位。虽然早在1652年马萨诸塞首先铸造低含金量的硬币,但殖民地最后转而用纸币来提高短缺且不可靠的货币供给。著名人士的期票与签发给英国商人的汇票在几个月内就能顺利转手。此外.各殖民地的财政部门开始在税收前签发期票,同时向城镇官员下达书面命令,要求当地店铺履行付款义务,如其他可转让的单据一样,这些票据经签注后可作为货币进行交换。B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)随着我国加入世界贸易组织,国有银行面临的压力越来越大,为了尽快解决资本充足率以及扩大规模,这家大银行打算与其他两家小银行合并。(merge)WithChina’ssuccessfulentryintotheWTO,state—ownedbanksarefacedwithmoreandmorepressure.Thebigbankintendstomergewithtwosmallbankssoastoquicklysolvetheproblemofcapitalsufficiencyandenlargeitsscale.(2)受全球经济衰退和通货膨胀的影响,这个城市的许多小企业已经破产或者被大公司兼并,导致大量工人面临失业的困境。(swallowup)Becauseoftherecessionaryeffectonglobaleconomyandinflation,manysmallbusinessesinthiscityhavegonebankruptorhavebeenswallowedupbygiantcorporations.Itleadstoalargenumberofworkersfacingunemployment.(3)他没有娶她。他认为尽管怜悯近于爱,但是不同的。他希望为爱情而结婚,而不是为了怜悯。(akinto)Hedidn’tmarryher,becausehethoughtthatalthoughsympathywascloselyakintolove,theywerestilldifferent.Whathehopedwasmarryforlove,notforsympathy.(4)网络教育似乎是一种极好的教育方式,它能够触及到一大批潜在的学生,而且可以减少传统学校教育所需要的高额的基础设施及人力费用。(infrastructure;curtail)Web—basedtrainingandlearningseemstobeaperfectwaytoreachahugepoolofpotentialstudents,aswellascurtailthehighinfrastructureandpersonnelcostsoftraditionalschooling.(5)随着这个城镇经济的发展,当地政府打算为老年人建立一所一流的养老院。(tailorfor/to)2Withthedevelopmentofthistown’seconomy,localgovernmentintendstotailorafirstclassnursinghomefortheneedsoftheelderly.(6)政府撤销对金融市场的管制有利于经济全球化的发展,但同时也给国内经济造成了一些负面影响。(deregulation)Thederegulationoffinancialmarketstakenbygovernment1Sveryhelpfultoeconomicalglobalization,but,atthesametime,itbringssomeunpleasantinfluencesondomesticeconomy.(7)但愿我的弟弟别再整天玩网络游戏了。否则。他将无法完成学业。(desistfrom)Iwishmyyoungerbrotherwoulddesistfromplayingnetworkgamesallday,otherwisehewouldhavetodiscontinuehisstudies.(8)一家店铺开始延长营业时间。同一条街上的其他商店也都跟着敛。(followsuit)Oneshopbegantoprolongthebusinesshours,andallothershopsalongthesamestreetfollowedsuit.(9)随着1997年许多东亚国家经济中出现的戏剧性的货币贬值。这些国家遭受了急剧而且徘徊不去的经济衰退:这种结果违更了贬值使国内生产的商品更便宜而应当提高产量的观点。(deprecation)FollowingthedramaticcurrencydepreciationsinmanyEastAsianeconomiesin1997.thesecountriessufferedsharpandlingeringrecessions.Thisoutcomerunscountertothenotionthatdepreciationsoughttoboostoutputbecausetheymakedomesticallyproducedgoodscheaper.第二单元(1)Notallregionswillexperienceequalwarming.Someareasmaybecomemuchhotteranddrier,whileothersactuallyexperiencecolderweather.Otherpredictedeffectsofglobalwarmingincludemeltingofthepolaricecaps,floodingofcoastlines,severestorms,changesinprecipitationpatterns,andwidespreadchangesintheexistingecologicalbalance.Currentmodelspredictariseinglobalsealevelsof15—95centimetersoverthenextcentury,highenoughtoputthehomesofathirdoftheworld’Spopulationunderwater.Infectiousdiseasesmayincreaseduetoanexpansionofhabitatfordiseasevectorslikemosquitoes.Manyspeciesmaybeunabletoadapttosuchswiftchangesintheclimate,andmaybecomeextinct.并非所有的地区都会经历气候变暖的情况。有些地区会变得更热更于燥,而另外一些地区则会遭遇较冷的天气。全球变暖产生的预期结果包括极地冰盖融化,海洋沿线地区被淹,剧烈的暴风雨,降雨模式的改变,以及现有生态平衡的广泛变化等等。根据现有的模式,估计下个世纪全球海平面将上升15~95厘米。这足以将全球1/3人口的家园淹没。由于像蚊子这类传播疾病的昆虫的栖息地的扩大,传染性疾病的数日也将日益上升。许多物种也许无法适应如此居IJ烈的气候变化而最终灭绝。(2)Attheendoftheday,however,theonlyreal,long-term“solution”totheclimatecrisishasbeenoverlookedbyallourleaders.Withoutadaptingoureconomics,wewillsimplybegreeningindividualleavesonadyingtree.Ourgovernment,inlinewithitspredecessors,isweddedtothebeliefthatincreasedglobaltradeisautomaticallyagoodthing.Thus,ithassupportedendlesssubsidies,bothdirectandindirect,thatcanbenefitonlythebigcorporationsproducingforlong—distanceexport.然而,一切都号虑到了之后,那个真正能够解决气候危机的长期方法却被所有的领导人忽视了。倘若不凋整我们的经济,我们所做的一切努力就如同即将垂死的朽树上的个别绿叶。我们的政府,和它们的前任一样,坚持认为持续增长的全球贸易是理所当然的一件好事。因此,政府给予了尤数直接或问接的资助。这些资助只能使那些生产远距离出口商品的大公司获益。3B.(1)在环境危机问题上,与其拿出一个不怎么有效的提案,还不如没有提案,因为提案一旦做出,政治家们就会在其后一段时间内把环境问题放在一边。(bebetteroff;cleanslate)Astotheclimatecrisis。wearebetteroffwithacleanslatethanaweakproposal.Becauseoncetheproposalismade,politiciansw