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-1-48个英语音标表-2-26个字母发音表元音字母和辅音字母分类表-3-语音知识:1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u2)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.3)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。4)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。5)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand。6)开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+enamebikehomedue;-4-b)辅音+元音he，go，hi。7)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;b)元音+辅音it。8)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。读音规则1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。2)非重读音节[]banana，student，today，after，[i]orange，secret，evening，very，Monday。特殊读音1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。notatall，halfanhour，Iloveyouandall、afterall。2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。goodgirl，goodstudent，goodjob，expression，school，extreme。3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。Wouldyoudoit?Iamgladtomeetyou、Can'tyouseeit?lastyear，thisyear。重音-5-A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter，sorry。b)有a-，be-，de-，re-，res-，in-，im-，en-，em-，es-，ex-，con-，com-，dis-，mis-，pre-，per-，pro-，trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'bout，be'lieve，ad'dress，de'cide，re'port，con'demn，res'pect，com'pare，in'form，dis'cuss，im'press，mis'take，en'force，pre'pare，em'ploy，per'mit，es'cape，pro'duce，ex'claim，trans'latec)有de-，in-，re-，con-，pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record，re'cord;'insult，in'sult;'conduct，con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content，con'tent。d)有些复合词和带有前缀re-，ex-，un-，pre-，post-，等的词，有两个重音。'out'side，'re'tell，'well-'known，'un'real，'fif'teen，'Chi'nese，'pre-'war，'post-'war。B)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult，'communist，'family，e'conomy，oppor'tunity，de'mocracy。b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音'carefully，in'definite，'comfortable，con'ductor，ac'cording，dis'turbance，'complicated，es'tablishment。c)词尾有-eous，-grahpy，-ial，-ian，-ic，-ics，-ience，ient，-ify，-ion，-ious，-ity，ive后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous，cal'ligraphy，-6-edi'torial，his'torian，peri'odic，mathe'matics，ex'perience，suf'ficient，i'dentify，trans'lation，re'ligious，curi'osity，pro'tective。d)词尾有-ain，-ee，-eer，-ese，-ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain，emplo'yee，mountai'neer，Japa'nese，ciga'rette。国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系—从音标到字母和字母组合单元音：[i:]:⑴e:heshemewe⑵ea:teaeatmeatsea⑶ee:seetreemeet⑷ei:receive⑸ey:key⑹i:policepolicemanpolicewomanmachine⑺eo:people⑻ie:piecefieldbelievethief[ɪ]:⑴a:orangecabbage⑵ay:Sundayholiday⑶e:beginEnglishprettycinema⑷ey:monkey,donkey⑸i:itisinbig⑹y:cityverysorry⑺u:busy⑻ui:buildbuilding⑼ai:captain[e]:⑴a:anymanyanyone⑵ai:said-7-⑶ay:says⑷e:penbedyeseggdesk⑸ea:breadheadbreakfast⑹u:bury[æ]:a:bagamandatsad[ɑ:]:⑴a:classbananafatherafter⑵al:halfpalm⑶ar:carfarparkarmstar⑷au:auntlaugh⑸ear:heart[^]:⑴o:comenoneloveother⑵oo:bloodflood⑶ou:touchcountryenoughyoung⑷u:bussunbutcutupus[ɜ:]:⑴ear:learnearthearlyheard⑵er:herterm⑶ir:firstgirlbirdskirtsirthird⑷or:workwordworld⑸ur:nurseturnhurtThursday⑹yr:myrtle⑺our:journalistjournal[ə]:⑴a:alongaboutbananaCananaChina⑵e:studentopenchildrendifferent⑶i:holidayApril⑷o:todaywelcomepolice⑸u:minusautumn⑹er:fathermotherbrothersister⑺or:doctorforgetmirror⑻ar:sugarliar⑼re:metretiredfire⑽ou:deliciousprevious⑾ur:surpriseSaturday-8-⑿our:colour⒀ure:picturepleasure⒁oar:cupboard⒂yr:martyrsatyr[u:]:⑴ew:flewgrewreviewJew⑵o:dotowho⑶oo:toozoofoodpoolbootschool⑷ou:soupgroupthrough⑸u:blueglueJune⑹ui:fruitjuice⑺oe:shoe[ʊ]:⑴o:womanwolf⑵oo:booklookgoodfoot⑶oul:couldwouldshould⑷u:putsugarfullpush[ɒ]:⑴([w])a:wantwashwatchwhat⑵o:hotonnotsorry⑶ou:cough⑷au:Australia[ɔ:]:⑴(w)a:water⑵al:allballcallfallhallmallsmalltalktallwall⑶([w])ar:warmquarter⑷au:Augustautumndaughter⑸aw:drawsawlaw⑹oor:doorfloor⑺ore:morebeforeore⑻or:orforshortsport⑼ou:boughtbroughtthought⑽our:fouryour⑾awe:aweawedaweless⑿oar:oarboardblackboardcardboard-9-⒀o:story双元音：[aɪ]:⑴i:timelikenicefinefive⑵y:mybywhy⑶i(g):signhighlightright⑷ie:dielietie[eɪ]:⑴a:namecakegameface⑵ai:raintrainwait⑶ay:daymayokayplaytoday⑷ei:veilvein⑸ei(gh):eighteighteeneighty⑹ey:they⑺ea:greatbreak[ɪə]:⑴e:zerocerealserious⑵ea:realreallyideacereal⑶ere:here⑷ear:eardearhearnearclear⑸eer:beerdeerpioneer[əʊ]:⑴o:gononosehome⑵ow:showknowyellowwindow⑶oa:goatboat⑷ou:shoulderthough⑸oe:woe[ʊə]:⑴ure:sure⑵oor:poor⑶our:tourpour[aʊ]:⑴ou:outabouthouseblouse⑵ow:hownowcow[eə]:⑴air:airhairchairpair⑵are:carehareparentpareware⑶ear:pearwearbear⑷ere:therewhere-10-⑸eir:theirtheirs⑹a:Mary[ɔɪ]:⑴oi:oiltoiletboilsoil⑵oy:boytoyemployee⑶uoy:buoy辅音：清辅成对辅音：[p]-[b][t]-[d][k]-[g][f]-[v][s]-[z][θ]-[ð][ʃ]-[ʒ][ts]-[dz][tʃ]-[dʒ][tr]-[dr]清音浊化：清辅音[p][t][k][tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不送气音，即发其浊辅音[b][d][g][dr]，但音标仍写成清辅音。如：sport[spɔ:t]，student[‘stju:dənt]，sky[skaɪ],street[stri:t]。但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读请辅音，不读相对的浊辅音。如：hostess[‘həʊstɪs]。[p]:⑴p:penmaphelpcheappencilpaper⑵pp:applehappyappear[b]:⑴b:bagbybedboybusblue⑵bb:rabbitcabbage[t]:⑴t:tentimenotgettable⑵tt:bottlebottomlittlepretty⑶ed:watchedwashedcookedhelpeddanced[d]:⑴d:deskdoordaydog⑵dd:adddaddymiddle⑶ed:playedcleanedclimbedansweredarrivedairedboiledemptiedenjoyedcried[k]:⑴c:catcomecutclockcrypicturebloc⑵cc:occasionaccordingoccupyacclaim⑶ch:schoolChristmaschemistrytechniquetechnologystomach-11-⑷k:bookbikecakekiteKatelook⑸ck:blackduckclockjacketcock⑹q:Iraqcoq⑺que:uniquetechnique[g]:⑴g:gogirlbigget⑵gg:eggbiggerbiggest⑶gu:guess⑷gue:dialogue⑸gh:ghyllghost[f]:⑴f:fivefishfinefamilyfifteen⑵ph:ph