(共6页)第1页(共6页)第2页菏泽学院化学与化工系2009级2010-2011学年第1学期化学专业《分析化学》期末试卷(B)(110分钟)一、填空(每空1分,共20分)1.在H2SO4介质中用KMnO4滴定Fe2+,计量电位偏向。2.在定性分析中,灵敏度通常以和来表示。3.标准溶液配制方法有:和两种。4.阴离子初步实验一般包括、、等。5.常用来标定NaOH的基准物质、。6.重量分析法中,非构晶离子的盐效应将使沉淀溶解度;络合效应使沉淀溶解度。7.重量分析中,一般要求沉淀的溶解损失不超过。8.利用CaC2O4沉淀、灼烧为CaO(Mr=56.08)形式称重,测定KHC2O4.H2C2O4(Mr=218.2)时,其换算因数为。9.设△pM′=±0.2,用等浓度的EDTA标准溶液滴定初始浓度为c的金属离子M,若要求测定相对误差小于0.1%,则准确滴定的条件是。10.银量法中的佛尔哈德法所用的指示剂是。11.用KMnO4标准溶液滴定Fe2+离子时,Cl-的氧化反应速率被加快,这种现象属于反应。12.重量分析法中,溶液过饱和度越大,沉淀颗粒。13.某酸碱指示剂的pKHin=8.1,该指示剂的理论变色范围为。14.0.0100mol·L-1Fe2+溶液用0.0100mol·L-1Ce4+溶液滴定一半时,体系的电位为。(EθCe4+/Ce3+=1.44V,EθFe3+/Fe2+=0.68V。)二、选择题(每小题2分,共30分)()1.对某一样品进行分析:A测定结果的平均值为6.69%,标准偏差为0.03;B测定结果的平均值为7.10%,标准偏差为0.05。真实值为7.02%。与B的测定结果比较,A的测定结果:A.不太准确,但精密度较好B.准确度好,但精密度差C.准确度好,精密度也好D.准确度和精密度均较差()2.铜盐中铜含量测定实验中,对下列试剂加入先后顺序正确的是:A.KSCN、淀粉指示剂、NH4HF2B.淀粉指示剂、NH4HF2、KSCNC.NH4HF2、淀粉指示剂、KSCND.KSCN、NH4HF2、淀粉指示剂()3.重量分析中恒重是指两次相邻灼烧后的称量差值不大于:A.0.2gB.0.2mgC.0.2MgD.2g()4.络合滴定中,若要求TE%≤0.1%,△pM=±0.2,被测离子M的浓度为干扰离子N浓度的1/10,欲用控制酸度滴定M,则要求△lgK应当大于:A.5B.6C.7D.8()5.已知ECl2/Cl-=1.36V;EBr2/Br-=1.09V;EI2/I-=0.54V,若将氯水加入到含有Br-和I-的混合溶液中,所发生的反应是:A.首先析出I2B.逸出氯气C.不发生反应D.Br2首先析出()6.用0.100mol·L-1NaOH滴定同浓度的HAc(pKa=4.74)的pH突跃范围为7.7~9.7;若用0.100mol·L-1NaOH滴定同浓度的某弱酸HB(pKa=2.74)时,pH突跃范围是:A.8.7~10.7B.6.7~9.7C.6.7~10.7D.5.7~9.7()7.在含有Fe3+和Fe2+的溶液中,加入下述何种溶液,Fe3+/Fe2+电对的电位将增大(不考虑离子强度的影响):A.邻二氮菲B.HClC.H3PO4D.H2SO4()8.利用下列反应进行氧化还原滴定时,其滴定曲线在化学计量点前后为对称的························装·······················订························密························封························线·························系别:_____________年级:____________专业:____________________姓名:_______________学号:________________························阅·······················卷························密························封························线·························题号一二三四五总分得分阅卷人得分阅卷人得分阅卷人(共6页)第3页(共6页)第4页是:A.2Fe3++Sn2+=2Fe2++Sn4+B.I2+2S2O32-=2I-+S4O62-C.Ce4++Fe2+=Ce3++Fe3+D.Cr2O72-+6Fe2++14H+=2Cr3++6Fe3++7H2O()9.下列说法违反无定形沉淀条件的是:A.沉淀可在浓溶液中进行B.沉淀应在不断搅拌下进行C.在沉淀后放置陈化D.沉淀在热溶液中进行()10.在铵盐存在下,利用氨水沉淀Fe3+,若铵盐浓度固定,增大氨的浓度,Fe(OH)3沉淀对Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+四种离子的吸附量将:A.都增加B.都减少C.Zn2+、Ni2+增加而Ca2+、Mg2+减少D.Ca2+、Mg2+增加而Zn2+、Ni2+减少()11.法扬司法中,用曙红作指示剂,不能被滴定的离子是:A.Cl-B.Br-C.I-D.SCN-()12.为了测定水中Ca2+、Mg2+的含量,以下消除Fe3+,Al3+干扰的方法中,哪一种是正确的?A.于pH=10的氨性缓冲溶液中直接加入三乙醇胺;B.于酸性溶液中加入KCN,然后调制pH=10;C.于酸性溶液中加入三乙醇胺,然后调制pH=10的氨性溶液;D.加入三乙醇胺时,不需要考虑溶液的酸碱性。()13.若要求分析结果达到0.1%的准确度,使用灵敏度为0.1mg的天平称取试样时,至少应称取:A.0.1gB.0.2gC.0.05gD.0.5g()14.今有两种有色络合物M和N,已知其透过率关系为lgTN-lgTM=1,则其吸光度关系为AN-AM=A.1B.2C.-2D.-1()15.有色物的浓度为1.0×10-5mol·L-1,比色皿1.00cm,吸光度为0.450,则摩尔吸光系数:A.4.5×104B.4.5×10-6C.4.5×10-4D.4.5×106三、判断题(正确的打√,错误的打×;每小题1分,共10分)()1.精密度是指在相同条件下,多次测定结果之间相互接近程度。()2.重量分析法分离出的沉淀进行洗涤时,洗涤次数越多,洗涤液用量越多,则测定结果的准确度越高。()3.平均值的数据越大,置信区间越宽。()4.影响条件电位的主要因素是副反应和离子强度。()5.KMnO4溶液呈紫色,是因为其吸收了白光中的紫色光。()6.常量分析试样用量大于0.01g。()7.重量分析法中,晶形沉淀的颗粒愈大,沉淀溶解度越小。()8.物质的质量m与物质的量n的关系是m=n·M(M为摩尔质量)()9.分光光度法只能测定单一微量组分。()10.随机误差的出现具有随机性,所以随机误差没有统计规律性。四、名词解释(每小题2分,共6分)1.条件电位2.陈化3.盐效应························装·······················订························密························封························线·························系别:_____________年级:____________专业:____________________姓名:_______________学号:________________························阅·······················卷························密························封························线·························得分阅卷人得分阅卷人(共6页)第5页(共6页)第6页五计算题(34分)1.计算在pH=3.00,C2O42-总浓度为0.010mol/L的溶液中CaC2O4的溶解度。已知Ksp(CaC2O4)=2.0×10-9,H2C2O4的pKa1=1.22,pKa2=4.19。(本题6分)2.用标准电极电位计算,在pH=10.00的总浓度为0.10mol/L氨溶液中,Zn2+/Zn电对的条件电位(忽略离子强度的影响)。在此条件下若锌盐的总浓度为1.0×10-3mol·L-1时,其电对的电位是多少?(已知:EθZn2+/Zn=-0.763V,Zn与NH3的配合物的lgβ1~β4分别为2.37、4.81、7.31、9.46,NH+4的酸性成常数KHNH+4=109..26;pH=10.00时lgαZn(OH)=2.40)(本题8分)2.某试样中仅含NaOH(Mr=40.00)和Na2CO3(Mr=105.99)。称取0.3720g试样用水溶解后,以酚酞为指示剂,消耗0.1500mol·L-1HCl溶液40.00mL,问还需多少毫升HCl溶液达到甲基橙的变色点?(本题6分)4.用一般吸光光度法测量0.0010mol·L-1锌标准溶液和含锌的试液,分别测得As=0.700和Ax=1.000,两种溶液的透射比相差多少?如用0.0010mol·L-1锌标准溶液作参比溶液,试液的吸光度是多少?与一般吸光光度法相比,读数标尺放大了多少?(本题6分)5.在pH=10.00的氨性缓冲溶液中,以EBT作指示剂,用0.02000mol/LEDTA滴定0.020mol/LMg2+溶液。计算终点误差是多少?(已知:lgKMgY=8.70,pH=10.00时,lg()YH=0.45,lgKMg-EBT=7.00,lg()EBTH=1.60)(本题8分)得分阅卷人························装·······················订························密························封························线·························系别:_____________年级:____________专业:____________________姓名:_______________学号:________________························阅·······················卷························密························封························线·························