32学时测量学试卷A答案一、下图为一附和水准路线的略图,BM.A和BM.B为已知高程的水准点,BM.1——BM.4为高程待定的水准点,各点间的线路长度、高差观测值及已知点高程如图中所示。计算高差闭合差、允许高差闭合差,并进行高差改正,最后计算各待定水准点的高程。二、今用一名义长度为50米的钢尺,沿倾斜地面丈量A、B两点间的距离,该钢尺的尺长方程式为:050150.6(20)lmmmtCmm,丈量时温度034tC,A、B两点间高差为1.86m,量得长度为180.674m,计算经过尺长改正、温度改正和高差改正后的A、B两点间的水平距离ABD。解:尺长改正值:0.015*180.6740.05450kDm温度改正值:0.0006*(3420)*180.6740.03050tDm高差改正值:221.860.01022*180.674hhDmS点号距离测得高差(m)改正值(m)改正后高差(m)高程BM.ABM.1BM.2BM.3BM.4BM.B2.83.94.04.51.116.83712.1118.764-4.32513.524-0.012-0.017-0.018-0.020-0.00516.82512.0948.746-4.34513.51919.74436.56948.63357.40953.06466.583Σ16.346.911-0.07246.839BAhHH理=;()0.072hBAfhHH40161hflmm允=所以,A、B两点间的水平距离为:'180.6740.0540.0300.010180.768kthDDDDDm三、在A、B、C三点之间进行三角高程测量构成闭合线路,在各点之间进行垂直角及斜距的往返观测,垂直角为3个测回的平均值,斜距为两次往返的平均值,结果记入表中,已知A点的高程为278.16米,试进行各边往返测高差的计算,自己画表将三点的高差闭合差进行调整,然后按A点的已知高程计算B、C点的高程。起算点ABC待定点BCA往返测往返往返往返斜距S(m)816.542816.550945.360945.3861024.8801024.890垂直角'''12818o'''12717o-'''4836o-0'''4844o0'''2422o0'''2445o0sinS(m)20.971-20.730-13.36413.401-7.2647.378仪器高(m)1.4021.4451.4451.4081.4081.402目标高(m)1.6001.6201.5311.4881.6421.446两差改正f(m)0.0450.0450.0600.0600.0710.071单向高差20.818-20.860-13.39013.381-7.4277.405hf允0.0820.0950.102往返平均高差20.839-13.386-7.416点号水平距离(m)观测高差(m)改正值(m)改正后高差(m)高程(m)A81620.839-0.01120.828278.160B298.988945-13.386-0.013-13.399C285.5891024-7.416-0.013-7.429A278.16027850.037-0.0370Σ高差闭合差及允许闭合差0.037hf,2220.050.8160.9451.0240.130hfm允=四、对某段距离用钢尺丈量6次,观测值列于下表。计算其算术平均值x、算术平均值的中误差xm及其相对中误差xmx。次序观测值l(m)l(cm)改正值v(cm)vv计算x,xm,xmx123456246.52246.48246.56246.46246.40246.58128166018-22-6410-8443616100640[]246.400.10246.506lxlm[]2246.715vvmcmn,2.76xmmcm/2.7/246.501/9000xmx0246.40l[]60l[]0v224五、有闭合导线A-1-2-3-4的边长和角度(右角)观测值如图所示,已知A点的坐标11540.38,1236.70xmym,A-1边的坐标方位角'''1,2465702o,计算闭合导线的各点坐标。÷转折角改正后转折角坐标方位角边长坐标增量改正后增量坐标xyxyxyA'''465702o158.71108.34(0.02)115.98(-0.02)108.36115.96540.381236.701'''1003930o'''1003942o648.741352.66'''1261720o108.43-64.18(0.02)87.40(-0.02)-64.1687.382'''1170524o'''1170536o584.581440.04'''1891144o109.51-108.10(0.01)-17.50(-0.02)-108.09-17.523'''1020209o'''1020221o476.491422.52'''2670923o133.06-6.60(0.02)-132.90(-0.02)-6.58-132.924'''1240242o'''1240254o469.911289.60'''3230629o88.1070.46(0.01)-52.89(-0.01)70.47-52.90A'''960915o'''960927o540.381236.70'''465702o597.81-0.080.0900'''5395900o测=,'''5400000o理=。''60f理测-=-,''''605134f允=0.08xf;0.09yf;220.12xyfff0.121597.814980fTD