在用汽车排放及其规律研究

I摘要随着汽车行业的不断发展，汽车尾气排放污染日益严重，本文分析了汽车排放污染物的主要成分、危害、生成机理以及影响因素，现行汽车排放法规等，着重对在用国产汽车发动机怠速工况污染物的排放统计特征进行深入系统地研究，根据汽车检测线检测得到的大量样本实测数据，展开参数估计和假设检验，确定其最优拟合分布和相应的分布参数，进而建立轻型普通货车发动机的怠速工况污染物的排放分布密度函数和分布函数统计模型。对在用汽车的排放情况进行深入分析和研究，为控制车辆排放污染提供可靠的保证，对正确评价其对城市周围大气环境所造成的污染以及排放法规的修订必将起到重要的作用。关键词：汽车，发动机，怠速工况，排放物，统计规律IIAbstractWiththecontinuousdevelopmentofautomobileindustry,carexhaustemissionpollutionisincreasinglyserious,thisarticleanalyzesthemaincomponentsofthevehicleemissionpollutants,harm,formationmechanismandinfluencingfactors,theexistingvehicleemissionregulations,thepollutantemissionsinacarengineidlespeedconditionsofstatisticalfeaturesin-depthstudysystematically,accordingtothesampleofautomobiletestlinedetectiontogetalargenumberofmeasureddata,parameterestimationandhypothesistest,determinetheoptimumfittingdistributionandcorrespondingdistributionparameters,thenbuildalight-dutyordinaryfreightcarengineidlespeedconditionemissionsofpollutantsdistributiondensityfunctionanddistributionfunctionofstatisticalmodel.Tousethecaremissionsituationin-depthanalysisandresearch,toprovidereliableguaranteetocontrolvehicleemissionpollution,tocorrectlyevaluateitsaroundthecityatmosphericenvironmentcausedbypollutionandemissionregulationsrevisionwillplayanimportantroleKeywords:Automobile,engine,idlespeedcondition,emissions,statisticallawIII前言..............................................................................................................................11汽车排放污染物的种类及其危害............................................................................21.1我国汽车发展概况与环境污染.....................................................................21.2汽车排放污染物的种类.................................................................................21.3汽车排放污染物的危害.................................................................................31.3.1CO的危害............................................................................................31.3.2碳氢化合物的危害..............................................................................41.3.3氮氧化合物的危害...............................................................................41.3.4光化学烟雾的形成和危害...................................................................41.3.5碳烟颗粒的危害...................................................................................51.3.6CO2排放危害......................................................................................51.3.7非常规污染物的危害..........................................................................52.汽车排放物的产生机理和影响因素.........................................................................72.1CO的生成机理和影响因素...........................................................................72.2HC的生成机理及影响因素...........................................................................72.3NOX的生成机理及影响因素........................................................................82.4碳烟(颗粒)的生成机理及影响因素..............................................................83.汽车排气污染物检测...............................................................................................93.1常用汽车排放物的检测方法.........................................................................93.1.1怠速法和双怠速法..............................................................................93.1.2简易工况法........................................................................................103.1.3我国普遍常用汽车检测方法............................................................113.2汽车排放检测仪器的选择...........................................................................123.3汽车排气污染物检测标准...........................................................................134汽车排放物排放样本数据的统计特征分析..........................................................154.1汽车排放样本数据采集................................................................................154.2排放样本实测数据的初步处理....................................................................154.2.1数据分析的直方图.............................................................................154.2.2参数估计与假设检验.........................................................................204.3数学统计模型的建立及应用.......................................................................244.3.1建立数学统计模型.............................................................................244.3.2统计模型的应用................................................................................25结论............................................................................................................................27致谢............................................................................................................................28IV参考文献......................................................................................................................29附录............................................................................................................................301前言随着我国国民经济的持续快速发展，汽车产业也随之迅速发展，城市大气环境污染已经变的越来越严重，而其中汽车排放污染占到很大比重。因此，如何采取有效措施，最大限度地降低汽车发动机排放的污染物，以满足国内外越来越严的排放标准，已是广大汽车面临的日趋严峻的主要问题。汽车排放控制已经引起世界各国的高度重视，国内外相关科技技术人员也对此做出了极大的努力，在新型汽车排放控制方面已经取得了良好的成果。为了更好控制大气环境质量，