FiveTypesofSimpleSentences简单句的五种类型十大词类(PartsofSpeech)英语中的词可以根据词义,句法作用和形式特征分为十大词类:名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、数词、感叹词。词类英语名称意义实义词n.表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称v.表示动作或状态,分为五类:及物动词(vt.)、不及物动词(vi.)、系动词、助动词和情态动词pron.代替名词,数词等num.表示数量或顺序,分为基数词和序数词adv.修饰动词,形容词或其它副词或句子adj.用于修饰名词,表示人或事物的属性或特征等虚词art.限制名词的意义,有不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the)prep.表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系conj.用于连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子interj.表示说话人情感或口气需要弄清楚的几个概念:1、及物动词(vt.):后面带有宾语,意思才能完整。eg.Theywantsomebooks.Heisreadingabook.2、不及物动词(vi.):本身意义完整,不需跟宾语。eg.Birdsfly.Heworksinthefactory.3、系动词:系动词本身虽有一定的词义,但不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词等)连用,构成谓语。如:be(是),look(看起来像),become(成为,变得)等。eg.Theyareteachers.Hebecameveryinterestedinscience.句子成分(ElementsoftheSentence)组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分,主要有:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语等,其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分。句子成分英语名称可充当这些成分的词和结构主语Subject名词、代词(代词主格或名词性物主代词)、数词、动名词、不定式或其它相当于名词的词、短语及主语从句谓语Predicate谓语只能由动词(词组)担当表语Predicative由形容词、数词、代词(宾格或名词性物主)、介词短语、名词(词组)及表语从句等担当宾语Object一般由名词或与之相应的其他词类、短语或从句担当定语Attribute由形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、介词短语、不定式及其短语等担当状语Adverbial由副词、不定式及其短语、介词短语、以及状语从句等担当主宾补语ObjectComplement由名词、形容词、动名词、不定式、介词短语、名词性从句等担当主语:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事,谓语:说明主语做什么,是什么或怎么样宾语:表示动作行为的对象宾语补足语:补充宾语的成分表语:说明主语的性质或特征,位于系动词之后。以上的成分称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2--4个基本成分。句子成分(ElementsoftheSentence)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语定语可由以下等成分表示:Guilinisabeautifulcity.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.Tomisaboywholikesmusicverymuch.(形容词)(分词)(名词)(代词)(不定式)(动名词)(介词短语)(从句)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。通常有副词,介词短语和从句充当.状语种类如下:Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.方式状语Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.伴随状语Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.目的状语Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.结果状语Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.让步状语Iamtallerthanheis.比较状语同位语:对其前面的名词代词做进一步解释.ThatisMr.Chen,ourEnglishteacher.插入语:对一句话作一些附加的解释.Tobehonest,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.定语,状语,同位语及插入语可以称为附属句子成分。分类说明例句简单句由一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子。即一套主谓关系。1.TomandIfoundherthere.2.Weallbreathe,eatandwork.并列句由并列连词(and,so,but,or等)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。1.Helikeseggs,buthedoesn’tlikechickens.2.Workhardoryouwillfallbehind.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子1.Ibelieveyouareright.2.Ifyoustudyharder,youwillpasstheexam.句子分类判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom.4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.简单句复合句简单句简单句5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句复合句并列句复合句简单句简单句FiveTypesofSimpleSentences简单句的五种句型简单句的五种基本结构:1.Thesunrises.2.Idon’tlikebasketball.3.Dannyistired.4.Heshowsmeabook.5.Ifoundtheoldmaningoodhealth主语+不及物动词主语+及物动词+宾语主语+系动词+表语主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+动词+宾语+宾补________________________________________________________________________________FiveTypesofSimpleSentences:1.主语+不及物动词2.主语+及物动词+宾语3.主语+系动词+表语4.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主语+动词+宾语+宾补Subject+IntransitiveVerbSubject+TransitiveVerb+ObjectSubject+LinkVerb+PredictiveSubject+Verb+IndirectObject+DirectObjectSubject+Verb+Object+ComplementFiveTypesofSimpleSentences:1.主语+不及物动词2.主语+及物动词+宾语3.主语+系动词+表语4.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主语+动词+宾语+宾补S+VS+V+OS+V+PS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+C基本句型一S+V(主+谓)1.Time2.Thesun3.Theman4.Everybodyflies.rises.cooked.laughed.此句型中动词是不及物动词,能表达完整意思,没有直接宾语。主语可有修饰语---定语,谓语可有修饰语---状语如,Theredsunrisesintheeast.例如:Thewaterisboiling.SVTheyhavebeenwaitingthereforhours.SVThetrainwillleavesoon.SVTheflagsarewavinginthewindSV基本句型二S+V+P(主+系+表)1.He2.Thedinner3.Theweatherissmellsbecametallandstrong.good.warmer.系动词主要是指be动词的各种变化形式,也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。此句型中谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。•系动词有三类:•1.表示特征和存在状态的:be,seem,appear,feel,look,•smell,sound,taste•2.表状态延续的:remain,stay,keep,continue,stand•3.表状态变化的:become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,•growHeisagoodstudent.SVPSheisintheclassroom.SVPItisgettingwarmerandwarmer.SVPThetreesturngreen.SVP基本句型三S+V+O(主+谓+宾)SV(及物动词)O(宾语)1.Who2.She3.I4.I5.Iknowslaughatwantdon’tknowenjoytheanswer?her.tohaveacupoftea.whattodo.livinghere.此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,必须跟一个宾语,才能使意思完整,而宾语成分的多样化使这一结构异常复杂。Hehasasister.SVOTheywantedtohavearest.SVOShecarriedoutherplan.SVOHelikeswatchingTV.SVO动词不定式做宾语:常见的动词有:agree,choose,decide,expect,fail,hope,wish,manage,offer,plan,refuse,want等e.g.Hemanagedtoescapefromthefire.常见的只能接动名词作宾语的动词有:admit,allow,avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,fancy,finish,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,risk,stop,suggest等。e.g.Youshouldavoidmentioninghisdivorce.动词短语有:giveup,insiston,feellike,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto,bebusy,等e.g.HewillkeeptryingoutnewideassohecanhelpfarmersaroundChi