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辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计第I页摘要汽车的发明一方面给人们的生活和生产带来了极大的方便，另一方面也给社会带来了环境污染和能源紧缺等严重问题。人类环境保护意识的逐渐加强，人们更加关心车辆油耗，要求限制车辆用油量的呼声越来越强烈。因此，研究汽车的燃油消耗和降低排放污染就成为该研究领域的重点内容之一。对汽车燃油经济性的评价，一般是通过汽车燃油消耗量来确定的，也是诊断和分析汽车故障的重要参考。检测汽车燃油消耗量常通过燃油消耗检测仪测定燃油消耗量的容积或质量来表示。普通式汽车油耗检测装置在测试范围、测试精度、显示、使用维护和可靠性等方面都不是很理想，需要进一步改进。本文在分析和总结目前国内外车辆油耗检测仪器普遍存在的问题的基础上，根据油耗仪现有的技术水平和发展趋势，采用先进的传感技术、单片机技术和显示技术，研制智能型汽车油耗检测仪器。车辆智能油耗仪在单片机的控制下，通过计算流量传感器送来的燃油流量脉冲信号，在控制软件的支撑下，能测量汽车的加速油耗、减速油耗、百公里油耗、累计油耗、平均油耗和瞬时油耗。该系统的开发将会为汽车油耗精确检测技术的发展提供新方向，为我国汽车油耗检测技术发展创造新的平台，为节能型汽车的研发提供更精确可靠的油耗数据。关键词：单片机；传感器；油耗；智能检测辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计第II页AbstractAsatransportvehiclewithonehandtotransportpeople’slifeandproductionbroughtgreatconvenience,theother,italsobringsenvironmentalpollutionandenergyshortages.Togetherwiththeconsciousofenvironmentprotectionincreasegradually.Peaplepaymoreattentiontothegasconsuming.Therefore,thestudyofmotorvehiclestoreducefuelconsumptionandemissionspollutionistheareaofoneofthekeyelement.Vehiclefuleconsumptionisusuallydeterminedbytheautomobilefueleconomyrating,itisalsoanimportantreferencetothecarfaultdiagnosis.Regulartestingvehiclefuelconsumptionwasmeasuredbydetectingthefuelconsumptionvolumeorqualityoffuelconsumptionexpressedin.Ordinarycarfuelconsumptiondetectingdeviceinthetestrange,testingaccuracy,thattheuseofmaintenanceandreliability,notverygood,needsfurtherimprovement.Thisarticlebasedondiagnosingandsummingthepopularquestions.Thedomesticandexoticautomobilegas-consumingequipmentsexistwereconsidered.Thisartclereferredtogas-consuminginstrumentstechnologylevelanddelelopmenttrend,andadvancedsensortechnologywereadopted.Besidessinglechipcomputertechnologyandmanifestingtechnologywereincluded.Themaincontentincludesgas-consumingdetectingsystem’shardwaredesignandselection,andthemeansofinstrumentsstructurewereadopted.Automobilegas-consumingdetectingsystemmathematicsmodelweresetupalso.Theverifyingexperimentswerecarriedup.Diagnosethepracticingperformanceofthetheorythatgas-consumingdetectingsytemwasadoptedandthetheorymodelsonthebaseofpracticeconditionsweremodified.Thesystemwasdevelopedfortheautomotivefuelconsumptionwillbethedevelopmentofaccuratedetectiontechnologytoprovideanewdirection.DetectionofChina’soilconsumptiontocreateanewplatformforthedevelopment.Fortheenergy-savingveheclestoprovidemoreaccurateandreliablefuelconsumptiondata.Keywords:singlechip;transducer;gas-consuing;intellect-detection辽宁科技大学本科毕业生设计第III页目录1绪论........................................................11．1国内外汽车油耗智能检测技术的研究背景.................................11．1．1国内背景.....................................................................................................................11．1．2国外背景.....................................................................................................................11．1．3研究水平与发展趋势.................................................................................................21．2汽车油耗智能检测技术研究的意义.......................................21．3本文的主要研究内容...................................................32总体方案设计................................................42．1系统的功能要求.......................................................42．2总体技术方案确定.....................................................43硬件电路设计................................................63．1单片机的选择.........................................................63．1．1单片机的匹配原则.....................................................................................................63．1．2单片机的型号匹配.....................................................................................................73．1．3AT89S52晶振连接电路与复位电路....................................103．2传感器的选择........................................................113．2．1流量传感器的主要功能和类型...............................................................................103．2．2油耗检测对流量传感器的要求及选型...................................................................123．2．3模拟传感脉冲输出信号部分...................................................................................123．2．4流量检测数学模型的建立.......................................................................................14辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计第IV页3．3数据显示部分设计....................................................153.3.1数码管（LED）显示器和液晶（LCD）显示器对比...................................................153.3.2数码管（LED）显示器显示数据的电路原理.............................................................153．4控制面板的设计......................................................173．5通讯接口的选择......................................................183．6电源部分............................................................183．7本章小结............................................................194软件的设计与调试...........................................204．1初始化程序..........................................................204．2测量油耗逻辑程序设计................................................214．3数码管显示程序和按键扫描程序设计....................................224．4软件系统主程序......................................................224．5本章小结............................................................27结论........................................................29致谢..