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11234567891020.0500.051234533,5-3,5-3--5-540nm0.9COOHOHNO2O2N3,5-COOHOHNH2O2N3--5-++1pH2120mL11250mL23100mL14100mL145100mL361mL12mL210mL17891011311mg/mL80100mg100mL100mL423,5-DNS6.3gDNS262mL2MNaOH500mL185g5g5g1000mL3-5g10g100mL40.1g250mL70%56MHCl6MNaOH100mL1720mL11mg/mL3,5-DNS1mg/mLmLmLDNSmLmgOD540nm0021.5010.21.81.50.220.41.61.50.430.61.41.50.640.81.21.50.851.01.01.51.061.20.81.51.25min20mL540nm01~65mg213.00g100mL50mL5020min50mL4000r/min5min20mL100mL21.00g100mL15mL10mL6MHCl30min-16mol/LNaOH100mL10mL100mL3420mL20mLmLmLDNSmLOD540nmmg70.51.51.580.51.51.59111.510111.578910%=100612313,5-?2?13,5-3--5-540nm0.921.5~2cm1.5~2cm%=0.91007C=O(1)CuSO4+2NaOHNa2(SO4)+Cu(OH)2HOCHCOONaOCHCOONaCu(OH)2+u+2H2OHOCHCOOKOCHCOOKCHOHCOHOCHCOONaHOCHCu++2H2OOCHCOOKHCOHHCOHCH2OHCOOHHOCHCOONa(CHOH)4+2+Cu2OHOCHCOOKCH2OH2Cu2OCu2O+H2SO4Cu+2Cu++MoO42-+SO42-2Cu2++81212320mL1041mL12mL45mL35100mL26731A4CuSO45H2OB24g850mL2g416g120g900mL12dAB19225gNH46Mo7O244H2O450mL15021mLH2SO43gNa2HasO47H2O25mL3200gmL200mg1000mL1200gmL00.10.20.30.40.50.6mL21.91.81.71.61.51.4mL0102030405060g/mL2mL10min2mL20mL620nmOD620nmOD620nm21g0.5g100mL7080mL800.5h955mL0.3mol/LBaOH25mLBaOH235mL100mL2mL2mL10min2mL2mL15ml620nmOD620nmG()=W106GgWg10Cl2Br2I2100g¡°¡±IBr(IBr)IBr+KIKBr+I2I2+2NaS2O32NaI+Na2S4O612g3030~6060~100100~140140~160160~210g1.10.5~0.60.3~0.40.2~0.30.15~0.260.13~0.15h0.50.50.51.01.01.0g175~210154~170104~11085~10048~6425~411112.2g1500mL1000mL99.5%3mL2mL20.1mol/L50gCO2HCCHCCBrHIHBrH+117.6g1.6gpH9102000mL0.1mol/L0.1mol/L20mL1010mL1mol/L20mL10.1mol/LKIO3+5KI+3H2SO43K2SO4+3I2+3H2OI2+2Na2S2O32NaI+Na2S4O63415106212134510.30.4g210mL25mL10203030min230min1010mL50mL0.1molL11mL2100g12ABT100=CANa2S2O3BNa2S2O3CgT1mL0.1molL121015mL3CCl4CCl44CCl45123?1Cl2Br2I2¡±100g¡°¡±2I2NaS2O3B3I-Na2S2O3Na2S2O313Soxhletextractormethod,1211YG-2(1518cm)320cm450.001g6789603A.R.18cm8cm10522h14a7023g10523hb31.677080120150/min7/h612h1225410522hcbc%=ba100agbgcg1223124YG-708h1551min1/5KOH231/5FeSO4Na2SO3CaCl2Na2SO412341223416RNARNARNARNARNA2.6710.0%DNA0.030.516RNA50%RNARNApH2.02.5RNARNARNARNARNARNARNARNA2070RNA90100RNA1pH0.55.0212100mL350mL45617784000r/min9250mL,50mL,10mL1011500mL1260mm138cm14151631NaCl26mol/LHCl39515g100mLNaCl5g50mL1h23500r/min10min3RNA50mL250mL106mol/LHClpH2.02.5pHpH10min43000r/min10minRNA10mL95510mL95510mL3RNA58cm8018RNA6RNA1050g/mL751260nmRNAOD260nmRNAmLRNA%=0.024LRNAg100OD260nm260nmLcm0.0241mL1gRNARNA%RNARNA%=g1001RNA12070RNApHRNARNARNARNARNARNASodiumdodecylsulfate,SDS0.15mol/LRNA-DNA-DNA-RNADNA-RNARNARNA191110000r/min23Eppendorf1.5mL4504670.1mg821SDS-0.3SDS0.1mol/LNaCl0.05mol/LpH5.0213-241V/V4295567B.R.1mg/mL11g10mLSDS-Eppendorf0.1mL10min5min0410000r/min10minEppendorf-2.5min10000r/min5minEppendorf295230minRNA10000r/min5min1minRNARNA20RNARNARNARNA3,5-670nmDNARNADNADNARNA11RNARNA100g/mL2RNA50100g/mL2100mg100mL0.1%100mg0.1%311RNA12RNAmLH2OmLmLRNAg1202.52.50340.52.02.550561.01.52.5100781.51.02.51509102.00.52.520011122.502.52502120minOD670nmRNAOD670nm22.5mL2.5mLOD670nmRNARNAgRNAg/mL=2.5mLpHpH4.8AMPADPATPATPADPAMP22112348cm12cm510L50L21pH4.88.4g17.6g2000mL2AMPADPATP100mg/10mLAMP3AMPADPATP11pH4.80.5h1.5cm1.5cm23L2~32pH4.83/410V/cm3122~3mm2311pH4.8AMPADPATP234DNAsouthernDNACTABDNADNADNADNA-DNPDNADNPDNADNPRNPNaClRNP0.14mol/LNaClDNP1NaClRNPDNPNaCl1mol/LDNP21.4mol/LNaClDNA24DNARNaseDNARNADNA1CTABCTABhexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide,CTAB0.7mol/LNaCl0.3mol/LNaClCTABCTABCTAB2SDSSDSSodiumdodecylsulfate,SDSDNA5565DNA107~109bpDNA4DNA1RNADNaseDNA2DNADNaseMg2+Mn2+1EDTA2DNADNADNAmeltingtemperature,TmCTABDNA12127513325453CTAB1CTAB100mmol/LTris-HClpH8.020mmol/LEDTA-Na21.4mol/LNaCl12%CTAB0.1%V/V-*HClpH2TE10mmol/LTris-HCl,1mMEDTApH8.03DNase-freeRNaseA:RNaseATE10mg/mL1030min,DNase20DNaseDNARnaseRNA4-24:1V/V240mLA.R.10mLA.R.53mol/LNaAcpH6.8NaAc3H2O81.62g200mLHAcpH6.5695TETris-HClpH8.0NaAc125g1cm15mL6065CTAB650.5~1h2/(24:1)34000r/min5min34/51295DNA12mL70%*M.W.1000mL500mLTris121.1412.114g6.057gEDTA-Na2372.247.4448g3.7224gNaCl58.4481.816g40.908g26DNA6DNARNADNATE10mg/mLRNase50g/mL3730minRNA25DNA7DNA250LTEDNA81/103mol/LNaAcpH6.8295DNA5DNA250LTE9751260nmDNAOD260nmDNAg/mL0.020LOD260nm260nmLcm0.0201g/mLDNADNA260nm230nm280nmDNA751OD260nmOD230nmOD280nmOD260nm/OD230nm2OD260nm/OD280nm1.8RNA0.3CTAB4%W/V0.1%V/V0.1%V/VDNA1DNA?2DNA1DNA1EDTAEDTAMg2+Mn2+DNase2pH59DNA3,DNA27TE,DNA,EDTA,0.1TE0.2TE2DNA1DNaseDNA2DNADNADNAplasmid1~200kbDNADNA3DNASodiumdodecylsulfate,SDSSDSDNADNADNADNA106~107DNAcovalentlyclosedcircularDNAcccDNADNAopencircularDNA,ocDNAcccDNA28DNADNA3DNADNADNAEcoRHindEcoRGAATTCHindAAGCTTGADNADNADNA111.5mL3021310L100L1000L4520000r/min62DH531pH8.0G.E.T50mmol/L10mmol/LEDTA25mmol/LTris-HCl4mg/mL2pH4.860mL5mol/LKAc11.5mL28.5mLH2O3/11V/V1608-0.1%Tris-HCl241VV4pH8.0TE10mmol/LTris1mmol/LEDTARNARNase20g/mL5TBETris10.88g5.52gEDTA0.72g200mL10296EB5gEthidiumBromideEB10mL10000.5g/mL1DH5LB3724~48h2DNA13~51.5mL1.5mL10000r/min1min150LG.E.T.10min2200L0.2mol/LNaOH1%SDS2~35min3150L15min10000r/min5min4/10000r/min2min52min5min61mL70%3DNA20LTEDNA1DNA(g)PBR322(g)(L)EcoRI()EcoRI10(L)(L)110282104230.52414250.54261042871028L30372~3DN