基础化学(人卫第8版)课后习题参考答案

Chapter1Introduction习题3、(1)5位;(2)3位;(3)2位;(4)1位;(5)2位.4、%.....100010102401024010230TTXRE5、kPaPasmkgLsmkgLJKmolKJLmol10001000211221111或kPaPamNLmNLJKmolKJLmol100010002111117、molmolgkgNaOHMNaOHmNaOHn25.00.40010.0)()(1molmolgkgCaMCamCan00.50.4021100.0)21()21(211222molmolgkgCONaMCONamCONan89.110621100.0)21()21(2113232328、molmolggZnClMZnClmZnCln57.23.136350)()()(1222此溶液的物质的量浓度为：12248.35.73957.2)()(LmolmLmolVZnClnZnClc此溶液的质量摩尔浓度为：122295.365057.2)()()(kgmolgmolOHmZnClnZnClb9、111.51000.3920)()()(LmmolmLmolgmgVKMKmVKnKc111031005.35366)()()(LmmolmLmolgmgVClMClmVClnClc10、gmLLgOHCm0.255000.50)(16126gmolgmolggOHCMOHOHCMgOHOHCm5.271801980.25)()(0.25)(1161262612626126即称取27.5gC6H12O6·H2O晶体，溶于蒸馏水并稀释至500mL。116126612661266126278.05001800.25)()()()(LmolmLmolggVOHCMOHCmVOHCnOHCc溶液中水的质量为：ggLkgmL4750.2500.15001，则葡萄糖的摩尔分数为：00525.00.184751800.251800.25)()()()()()()()()()(1112261266126612661262612661266126molggmolggmolggOHMOHmOHCMOHCmOHCMOHCmOHnOHCnOHCnOHCx11、gNam0.5gmolgmolggNaMNaClMgNaClm130.235.580.5)()(0.511LLggNaClNaClmNaClV4.10.913)()(112、molmolggIMImIn312221000.2254508.0)()(molmolInKMnOKIn33241000.41000.22)(2Exercises2.190018618006532242983729.....4.Assumethevolumeofthesolutionis1L,thusthemassofthesolutionis:gLmLgm10241024.11ThemassofNH4Clis:ggClNHm0.87%50.81024)(4ThemassofsolventH2Ois:ggOHm937%)50.81(1024)(2112442447419370631937553087kgmolkgmolgmolggOHmClNHMClNHmOHmClNHnClNHb.....)()(0304.00.1893763.163.1)()(63.163.1)(1222444molggmolmolOHMOHmmolmolOHnClNHnClNHnClNHx14463.1163.1LmolLmolVClNHnClNHc5.18344)(molgHCM;110458)(molgHCMAssumethetotalmolesofthesampleisx,thus,gHCMHCnHCMHCn58)()()()(1041048383gmolgxmolgx585857.04443.011molx1.1Themassofpropaneis:gmolgmol21441.143.01;Themassofbutaneis:ggg3721586.ThemassofKAl(SO4)2is:mgmgmolgmolgmgOHSOKAlMSOKAlMSOKAlm55.646.1184.4742.2586.118)12)(()()(1122424241412424242410500.2000.12.25855.64))(())(())(())((LmolLmolgmgVSOKAlMSOKAlmVSOKAlnSOKAlc1414242410000.510500.22))((2)(LmolLmolSOKAlcSOcThedensityofthesolutionis1.00gmL-1,thusthemassofthesolutionis1.000kg.Sincethesolutionisverydilute,itcanbeconsideredthatthemassofwater(solvent)isapproximately1.000kg,1412242422424105002000122585564kgmolkgmolgmgOHmSOKAlMSOKAlmOHmSOKAlnSOKAlb....)())(())(()())(())((Chapter2ColligativePropertiesofSolutions习题1.995.03420.100.181000.181001112molggmolggmolggxOHkPakPaxPPOH332995034220...2.（1）molmolggn311091.434268.1甲，溶质甲，溶质乙，溶质nmolmolggn3110553690452..,溶剂的量相等OHOHxx22乙，甲，。相同温度下，乙溶液蒸汽压高。（2）溶液乙中的溶剂可以转到甲溶液中。密闭容器中压强为P，则乙甲PPP，甲溶液中凝结速率大于蒸发速率，溶质浓度降低；乙溶液中蒸发速率大于凝结速率，浓度升高。直到两者浓度相等。（3）OHOHmgmolmgmol2200201055300201091433....，gmOH22.323.ABBbBbbmMmKbKT1128100510512802molggKmolgKgmTKmMAbbBB..方法一：K...911002880210861113＝gmolggmolgKmMmKbKTABBfBff方法二：K....91512051086111＝molkgKKmolkgKKTKbKTbbfBffCCTCTff910.4.ABBbBbbmMmKbKT111620.1017.0512538.0molggKmolgKgmTKmMAbbBB设尼古丁的分子式为：aNHC7528116211molgmolga，分子式为：21410NHC。5.ABBbBbbmMmKbKT112560.4062.1512024.3molggKmolgKgmTKmMAbbBB设此单质硫的分子式为：as83225611molgmolga，分子式为：8s。6.方法一：对于稀溶液，BBbci.(1)(2)(4)均为水溶液，其中(1)(2)为非电解质，浓度相等，凝固点下降值相等，凝固点(1)＝(2)；(4)相对于(1)(2)来讲，凝固点下降更多，则凝固点(1)＝(2)(4)ii.(3)为苯的溶液，纯苯的凝固点为5.5℃，KkgmolmolkgKbHCKTBff512.01.012.51166，则其凝固点大于0℃，为(1)(2)(3)(4)中的最高值。排序：(3)(1)＝(2)(4)方法二：对于稀溶液，BBbc(1)KkgmolmolkgKbOHKTBff186.01.086.11120.1mol·L-1蔗糖水溶液的凝固点为：－0.186℃(2)KkgmolmolkgKbOHKTBff186.01.086.11120.1mol·L-1甲醇水溶液的凝固点为：－0.186℃(3)KkgmolmolkgKbHCKTBff512.01.012.511660.1mol·L-1甲醇苯溶液的凝固点为：5.5℃－0.512℃＝4.988℃(4)KkgmolmolkgKbOHiKTBff372.01.086.121120.1mol·L-1NaCl水溶液的凝固点为：－0.372℃排序：(3)(1)＝(2)(4)7.(1)RTLmolRTOHCc161262.0(2)1132321.02.0212121LmolLmolCONacCONacRTLmolRTLmolRTCONaic11323.01.03(3)11434332.02.0313131LmolLmolPONacPONacRTLmolRTLmolRTPONaic114338.032.04(4)RTLmolRTLmolRTNaClic114.02.02排序：(4)(2)(3)(1)8.1114.086.126.0kgmolmolkgKKKTNaClibff1114014.0LmmolLmolNaClcos(1)的说法正确。9.RTVMmRTcBBB141110916100071702983148002molgLkPaKKmolJgVRTmMBB.....10.11280861520kgmolmolkgKKKTbffB...cos0.28mol·L-1Π=cosRT=0.28mol·L－1×8.314J·K－1·mol－1×310K=720kPa11.由题可知，两种溶液的质量摩尔浓度相等。Bbb尿素即：2,1,ABBAmMmmMm尿素尿素112,1,343100050.120005.608.42molggggmolggmmmMmMAABB尿素尿素12.19110001901000304003010020200kgmolkgmolkgmolmolmolbB.......KkgmolmolkgKbKTBbb97091512011...Exercises1.(calculatingprocessomitted).(a):Theboilingpoint(b.p.)is102.72C,thefreezingpoint(f.p.)is–9.89C;(b):Theb.p.is101.97C,thef.p.is–7.16C.2.)(...KTf14336250511118055143105004