一、one作代词的用法

一、one作代词的用法1.one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事物中的任何一个,即泛指中的强调.这时,替代词one前面不可加任何限定词.例如:1)Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohaveone.(NMET'95)2)AcolorTVsetmadeinJapancostsmorethanonemadeinChina.3)-WhocanlendmeaChinese-Englishdictionary?-Ihaveone.2.one用来替代特指的同一类人或事物的可数名词时,其前面必须加上限定词(如a,the,this,that等)、物主代词或形容词加以修饰.例如:1)Ifyoudon'tlikethisbluecoat,youcanbuyablackone.2)Idon'twantthebookontheshelf,Iwantthisoneonthedesk.3)Youroldbikeiswhite,whilemyoldoneisblack.3.one在定语从句中作先行词替代特指的同一类人或事物时,其前面必须用定冠词the限定,但不可用that替换.如果先行词为oneof...,其关系代词在定语从句中作主语,从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式.例如:1)Thisfarmistheonethatwevisitedlastsummer.(句中theone代替thisfarm,作先行词,不可用that替代)2)Thisisoneofthehighestbuildingsthathavebeenbuiltinourcityrecently.3)ZhangLeiistheveryoneofthestudentswhohasbeenpraisedatthemeeting.4.one的复数形式为ones,作替代词时,只可替代同一类人或事物的复数名词,其前面必须有限定词,如the,some,all等修饰.但不能用数词或many修饰.例如:1)Mr.Zhanggavethetextbookstothepupilsexcepttheoneswhohadalreadytakenthem.(句中theones可用those替代)(MET92)2)Idon'twanttobuythesesmallpears;Iwantsomelargeones.3)Shewantstobuysomenewclothesandthrowawayallheroldones.5.one在句中不可替代不可数名词.在句中如果出现了同一个不可数名词时,则需要重复前一个名词,或者省略那个名词.例如:1)Ipreferblackcoffeetowhite(coffee).(whitecoffee中的coffee可省略也可不省,但不可用one替代coffee)2)FolkmusicisthemusicthatIlikemost.(不可用theone替代themusic)二、it作替代词的用法1.it用来替代前面提到的同一事物时,被替代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词.例如:1)Wearestudyinginaschoolwithtreesallaroundit.(it替代可数名词school)2)-Haveyoustillkeptyouroldfurniture?-No,Ihavesoldit.(it替代不可数名词furniture)2.it可以替代英语句式中的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句,在句中作形式主语或形式宾语.例如:1)Itisagreatsurprisetomeetyouhere.(It替代不定式短语tomeetyouhere)2)Ithinkitisnogoodparentsdoinganythingfortheirchildren.(it替代动名词的复合结构parentsdoinganythingfor短语)3)Wefounditimpossiblethattheycouldcompletethetaskintwohours.(it替代thattheycould...从句)3.it可以替代前面的某一名词或整个句子的内容.这时,可用that替换,也可以改为非限制性定语从句.有时it可以前置替代,用以代替后面整个句子的内容.这时,不可用that替换.例如:1)Hesaidhehadnevermether,anditisnottrue.(it替代前面整个句子Hesaid...)2)Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(it代替后面整个句子whenpeopletalkwith...)(NMET'98)三、that作替代词的用法1.that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词.代替可数名词可以用theone替换.但其前面不可用任何限定词修饰.例如:1)ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.(that代替不可数名词population,不可用theone替换)2)Theheadteacherinyourclassisyoungerandmoreactivethanthatintheirs.(that代替可数名词headteacher,可用theone替换)2.that在并列分句中,可以替代前面某一个名词或整个句子内容,这时,可用it替换,也可改为非限制性定语从句.例如:1)Sheheardaterriblenoise,andthatbroughtherheartintohermouth.(that替代前面的名词noise)2)Theysaidtheyhaddiscussedtheproblem,andthat(=it)wasimpossible.(that替代前面整个并列分句Theysaid...)3.that在定语从句中,可作关系代词,代替某个先行词(人或物).例如:1)TheladythatcametoourclassisfromAustralia.(that指代先行词lady)2)Aclockisamachinethattellspeoplethetime.(that指代先行词machine)4.that的复数形式为those,只可替代可数名词复数,在句中相当于theones.例如:1)Thenightsthereinsummerareshorterthanthoseinwinter.(those替代nights,可用theones替换)2)Thestudentswhodobestintheexamarenotalwaysthosewiththebestbrains.(those替代students,可用theones替换)