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名词性从句复习考纲解读从出题者的角度,就是要考察名词性从句中的语序以及引导词之间的区别。有时候,会结合插入语或名词与同位语隔开,或使句子结构复杂化等使得难度增加。其实,总的难度和变化都不大。但是从考生的角度来说,如果考生对句子结构掌握不过硬,对某些词或词组的用法不了解,就会容易造成和定语从句、状语从句的混淆,造成根本环节的误判而用其他从句的规则去解题。造成丢分。㈠名词性从句的种类名词性从句即由连接词引导、起名词作用的从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。⒈主语从句(在主句中作主语)Whowillwinthegameisnotknown.⒉宾语从句(在主句中作宾语)Nobodyknowswhowillwinthegame.⒊表语从句(在主句中作表语)Myquestioniswhowillwinthegame.⒋同位语从句(在主句中作同位语)Ihavenoideawhowillwinthegame.㈡名词性从句的连接词连接词即引导名词性从句的关联词,包括连词、连接代词、连接副词。连词:仅起连接作用,不作句子成分。连接代词:可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。连接副词:只作状语。⒈连词:引导从句但不作任何成分。⑴that—没有意义,引导主/宾/表/同位语从句。①Itissaidthattherewillbeapartytonight.②Theysay(that)therewillbeapartytonight.③Whyhefailedwasthathemadeavitalmistake.④Thekeythathesucceededliedinhishardwork.⑵if—是否,引导宾语从句,主语从句。whether—是否,引导主/宾/表/同位语从句。①Idoubtif/whetheryoucanpassthetest.②Whetherwe’llgocampingdependsontheweather.③Mydoubtiswhetheryoucanpassthetest.④Ihavenoideawhetheryoucanpassthetest.⑶asif/though—好像,似乎,引导表语从句。because—因为,引导表语从句。①Theoldladylooksasifshewereayounggirl.②Hisfailurewasbecausehedidn’tworkhardenough.⒉连接代词:引导从句并作从句的句子成分。⑴who—谁(主格),用于人,作主/宾/表语。whom—谁(宾格),用于人,仅作宾语。①Whowilldothejobhasn’tbeendecided.(主语)②Wouldyoutellmewho/whomyou’llvotefor?(宾语)③Canyoutellmewhotheprettygirlis?(表语)⑵whose—谁的,用于人,作表/定语。①Pleasetellmewhosethebikeis.(表语)②Idon’tknowwhosebikeitis.(定语)⑶which—哪个/些,用于人或物,作主/宾/表/定语。what—什么,用来指事物,作主/宾/表/定语。①Pleasetellmewhatsportyoulikebest.(定语)②Iwonderwhichofyoucansolvetheproblem.(主语)③I’dliketoknowwhatyourfatheris.(表语)⑷whoever作主/宾/表语whomever仅作宾语whichever作主/宾/表/定语whatever作主/宾/表/定语•Whateverhesaidwasright.•I’lltakewhoeverwantstogo.•Whicheverofyoucomesfirstwillreceiveaprize.•Youcangivethetickettowhomeveryoulike.⒊连接副词:引导从句并作从句的状语when—表示时间where—表示地点why—表示原因how—表示方式①Whenwe’llhaveameetingisnotdecided.②Idon’tknowwhereIcanbuysuchabook.③Whyhediditwillremainapuzzleforever.④Thequestionishowweshouldcarryouttheplan.注意:Whenever,however,wherever很少引导名词性从句,因为when,where,how本来都是副词性质的,相对而言whoever,whatever,whichever可以引导名词从句的.whenever一般引导时间状语从句和让步状语从句wherever一般引导地点状语从句和让步状语从句however引导让步状语从句eg.Whereverhegoesmakeshisparentsworry.(主语从句)如何选用连接词?用法规则:先根据从句的结构确定用哪种连接词,从句不缺成分用连词,缺主语、宾语、表语、定语用连接代词,缺状语用连接副词,再根据从句意思确定用哪个连词、连接代词或连接副词。用法口诀:根据结构定词类,根据意思再核对,不缺成分用连词,主宾表定用代词,状语必须用副词,词法成分要斟酌,具体该用哪一个,可依句意来定夺。一.主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。eg.1.ThatwemustmasterEnglishwordsasmanyaspossibleisveryimportant.2Itwasapitythatyoufailedintheexam.用it作形式主语的结构(1)It+be+名词(短语)(apity/ashame/asurprise/nowonder等)+that从句eg.Itisapitythatyouhavemissedthewonderfullecture.(2)It+be+形容词(necessary/natural/wonderful/likely/strange/important/certain等)+that从句eg.Itiswonderfulthatallofyouhavepassedthedifficultexam.(3)It+不及物动词+that从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……(4)It+be+过去分词+从句Itisreported/said/hoped/believedthat…Itissuggested/required/requested/ordered/demandedthat…【注意】在以下主语从句中,常使用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”形式,其中的should可以省略。①Itisnecessary/strange/important/natural/impossibleetc.+that...②Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat...③Itissuggested(建议)/requested/required/proposed/desired(要求)/demanded/insisted(坚决要求)/ordered+that...15主语从句中应注意的问题1)主语从句在句首时,必须由连接词引导,不能省略这些连接词。误:Thecollegewillgetinmorenewstudentsthisyearisture.正:Thatthecollegewillgetinmorenewstudentsthisyearisture.2)如果主语从句放在句首,不能用if引导,但是如果用it做形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时,也可以用if引导.误:IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.正:WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.正:Itwasdoubtfulif/whetherMaryreallyheardhim.二.宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语(1)作及物动词的宾语。Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(2)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语,例如:Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.注意:that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware,certain,confident,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,content等。4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾。.可运用it做形式宾语的结构有:①.动词make,find,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置,结构:S.+vt+it+adj./n.+that从句。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.IfeelitapitythatIhaven'tbeentotheget-together.②.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it,这类动词主要是:hate,like,seeto(务必使)dependon(指望,相信)Ihateitwhentheyspeakwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.Youcandependonitthatsuchaboringthingwillneverhappenagain.宾语从句应注意的问题:1.由that引导的宾语从句,that通常可以省略,例如:Iheard(that)hejoinedthearmy.但在下面情况下,that不能省略。(1)当一个句子有两个或多个并列宾语从句时,引导第二个及其以后的宾语从句中的that不能省略。eg.Hesaidhewaswrongandthathewouldsaysorrytome.(2)当that作介词宾语时。eg.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothers.(3)由it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中,that不可省略。eg.Ithinkitimpossiblethathecanfinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.2.Ifwhether都能引导宾语从句,但在下面情况下,只能用whether,不能用if。1.与ornot连用。Ididn’tknowwhetherhehadarrivedinBeijingornot.2.作介词宾语时。Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherI’llgobackhome.3.后接动词不定式时。Idon’tknowwhethertogototheparty.3.宾语从句中否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,并且主句的主语为第一人称,用于一般现在时,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:Idon’tthinkthisd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