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Chapter1-TestQuestions1.Howdoessoftwaredifferfromtheartifactsproducedbyotherengineeringdisciplines?Answer(Section1.1):Softwareisbothaproductandavehiclefordeliveringaproduct.Asaproduct,softwareisaninformationtransformer.Asavehiclefordeliveringaproduct,softwareservesasabasisforcomputercontrol,communication,andcreationofotherprograms.2.Howdosoftwarecharacteristicsdifferfromhardwarecharacteristics?Answer(Section1.2):Softwareisdeveloped,notmanufactured.Softwaredoesnotwearout.Mostsoftwareiscustombuilt,notassembledoutofcomponents.FinalExamQuestion3.Explainwhatiswrongwiththenotionthatcomputersoftwaredoesnotneedtoevolveovertime.Answer(Section1.1):Computersoftwaremustberevisedaserrorsarediscoveredandcorrected.Softwaremustbeupdatedtoaccommodatechangesinthecomputingenvironment.Manytimesacustomerwillrequestchangestoaddnewfunctionstoanexistingproductortoaccommodatechangesinthebusinessenvironment.Sometimesanoldersystemwillneedtobereengineeredtoprovidebenefitstotheuserinamoderncontext.Thebottomlineisthatsoftwarethatdoesnotevolvewilleventuallybecomeunusable.Chapter2-TestQuestions1.Listthreeareasinwhichprocessmodelsmaydifferfromoneanother.Answer(Section2.2):OverallflowandlevelofinterdependenciesamongtasksDegreetowhichworktasksaredefinedwithineachframeworkactivityDegreetowhichworkproductsareidentifiedandrequiredMannerinwhichqualityassuranceactivitiesareappliedMannerinwhichprojecttrackingandcontrolactivitiesareappliedOveralldegreeofdetailandrigorofprocessdescriptionDegreetowhichstakeholdersareinvolvedintheprojectLevelofautonomygiventoprojectteamDegreetowhichteamorganizationandrolesareprescribed2.DescribehowPolya’sproblemsolvingprinciplesdescribetheessenceofengineeringpractice?Answer(Section2.3):Understandtheproblem(communicationandanalysis)Planasolution(modelinganddesign)Carryouttheplan(codegeneration)Examinetheresultforaccuracy(testingandqualityassurance)FinalExamQuestion1.Describetherelationshipsamongsoftwareengineeringprocess,methods,andtools.Answer(Section2.1):Softwareprocessdefinestheframeworkthatmustbeestablishedforeffectivedeliveryofsoftwareengineeringtechnology,byprovidingacontextbywhichthesoftwareengineeringmethodsareapplied.Softwareengineeringmethodsprovidethetechnicalhow-to’sforbuildingsoftware.Softwareengineeringtoolsprovideautomatedorsemi-automatedsupportforsoftwareengineeringprocessandmethods.Chapter3-TestQuestions1.Howaretasks,actions,andactivitiesrelatedtosoftwareprocessmodels?Answer(Section3.1):Asoftwareprocessismadeupofactivities.Eachactivityisdefinedbyasetofengineeringactions.Eachactivityisdefinedbyatasksetthatindentifiestheworkitemstobecompleted.2.Howdoessoftwareteamchoosethetasksetforaparticularproject?Answer(Section3.3):Thesoftwarechoosesthetasksetbasedonthecharacteristicsoftheteam,theproject,andtheproblemtobesolved.3.Howcanprocesspatternsassistadevelopmentteambuildsoftwareproductsefficiently?Answer(Section3.4):Processpatternsareprovensolutionstocommonlyencountereddevelopmentproblems.Ifdeveloperscanrecognizethatthatthisisproblemseenbeforetheycanuseapreviouslyknownmeansofsolvingit,withouthavetotakethetimetoinventanewsolution.FinalExamQuestions1.Whyitimportantforsoftwareprocessestobeagile?Answer(Chapter3Overview):Softwareprocessprovidesthestability,control,andorganizationtoanactivitytopreventitfrombecomingchaotic.Yet,modernsoftwareprocessesmustonlydemandtheactivities,controls,andworkproductsthatareappropriatefortheteamandproducttobeproduced–toensurethatitcanaccommodatechangeseasilyanddeliverahighqualitysoftwareproduct.Chapter4-TestQuestions1.Describethephasesoftheprototypingmodelforsoftwaredevelopment?Answer(Section4.1.3):Requirementsaregatheredbyhavingthecustomeranddevelopermeetandidentifywhateverobjectivesandrequirementstheycan.Quickdesignfollows,focusingonrepresentationofthesoftwarethatwillbevisibletothecustomer.Aprototypeisconstructedbythedeveloperandevaluatedbythecustomerandusedtorefinetherequirements.Iterationoccursandtheprototypeistunedtosatisfythecustomer'sneeds.2.Whataretheprimaryadvantagesofthecomponent-basedprocessmodelforsoftwareengineering?Answer(Section4.2.1):Component-basedprocessmodelspromotesoftwarereuseandreusabilityandcanresultin:70%reductionindevelopmentcycletimes,84%reductioninprojectcosts,and70%increaseinproductivity.3.WhyhasthePersonalSoftwareProcessnotbeenwidelyadoptedbyindustry?Answer(Section2.6.1):PSPisintellectuallychallenginganddemandsalevelofcommitment(e.g.lengthyandcostlytrainingrequired)thatisnotalwayspossibletoobtain.Inadditiontherequiredlevelofmeasurementisculturallyhardformanysoftwarepractitioners.FinalExamQuestions4.Whyareevolutionarymodelsconsideredbymanytobethebestapproachtosoftwaredevelopmentinamoderncontext?Answer(Section4.1.3):Becausetimelinesforthedevelopmentofmodernsoftwarearegettingshorterandshorter,customersarebecomingmorediverse(makingtheunderstandingofrequirementsevenharder),andchangestorequirementsarebecomingevenmorecommon(beforedelivery),weneedawaytoprovideincrementalorevolutionarydelivery.Theevolutionaryprocessaccommodatesuncertaintybetterthanmostprocessm