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1Practicemakesperfect!高中英语---状语从句一、概念：状语通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词。二、分类及使用1.时间状语从句(1)when①.when引导的时间状语从句，其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词，可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。whenyouapplyforajob,youmustpresentyourcredentials.②when还可表示justthen（正在那时）的意思，此时所引导的从句放在主句之后。wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.(2)as引导的时间状语从句as侧重表示主句和从句的动作并相发生,翻译成一边，一边。Wewerehavingbreakfastasshewascombingherhair.(3)while“在…期间”，所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并表示和主句的动作同时发生。(4)before引导①before“在…之前”I’llbebackbeforeyouhaveleft.②before“…之后才”Itmaybemanyyearsbeforewemeetagain.(5)assoonas/once/directly/theinstant等引导assoonas是最常见的表示“一…就”的从属连词，其他连词还有immediately，instantly，theinstant(that)，theminute(that)，themoment(that)等，它们通常都可与assoonas换用。Assoonaswegothome,thetelephonerang.IrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.(6)hardly...when/nosooner...than引导关联从属连词hardly/barely/scarcely...when和nosooner...than的意思是“刚…就”，它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。如：Hehadnosooner(nosoonerhadhe)arrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.(7)since引导在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时、过去完成时和一般现在时：We’venevermetsincewegraduatedfromthecollege.大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。2Practicemakesperfect!(8)till/until引导till和until同义，作“直到…时(为止)”解。Donaldwillremainincollegeuntil(till)hefinisheshisPh.Dcourse.2.地点状语从句(1)where引导“在（或到）…的地方”Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(2)wherever引导wherever=nomatterwhere,后者只能放句首。Whereever(nomatterwhere)theywent,theexpertswerewarmlywelcomed.3.原因状语从句(1)because引导通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，从句一般位于主句后面。Ididn’tgoabroadwithherbecauseIcouldn’taffordit.(2)as引导从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和since换用。AsIdidn’tknowtheway，Iaskedapoliceman.(3)since引导从句多位于主句之前，可以和as换用。Sincetravelingbyairismuchfaster,theydecidedtotakeaplane.(4)now(that)引导的原因状语从句now(that)“既然”，Now(that)youhavepassedyourtestyoucandriveonyourown.(5)seeing(that)引导的原因状语从句Seeing(that)“鉴于；由于”，通常用于非正式文体。Seeing(that)theweatherisbad，we’llstayathome.4.目的状语从句(1)inorderthat引导“为了；以便”。多用于正式文体，可以与sothat换用。TheystoppedatHangzhouinorderthattheycouldgoaroundWestLake.(2)so(that)引导“为了；以便”。sothat通常可以与inorderthat换用，它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后，在非正式文体中，常省略that。如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(3)incase/forfear(that)等引导incase，forfear(that)这俩个从属连词都表示否定目的，意思是“以免”,“以防”。incase它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式，也可以是虚拟语气形式；forfear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may，might，should等情态动词Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.Hetookanumbrellawithhimforfearthatitmightrain.3Practicemakesperfect!5.结果状语从句(1)sothat引导从句只能位于主句之后，sothat引导什么从句根据句意来判断Suddenlyitbegantorainheavily,sothatitwasalmostimpossibletocarryondriving.(2)so...that引导“如此…以致”，that可以省略，so后面接形容词或副词。Shespokesofastthatnobodycouldcatchwhatshewassaying.(3)such...that引导的结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的such...that的具体内容是：such+a/an+形容词+名词+that从句。such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that=so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。Theprofessortoldussuchafunnystorythatallthestudentslaughed．=Theprofessortoldussofunnyastorythatallthestudentslaughed.6.条件状语从句(1)if引导译成“如果”IfIwereabird,Iwouldfly.(2)unless引导否定条件状语从句，在意义上相当于if...not，语气较强，一般不用虚拟语气。You’llbelateunlessyouhurry.(3)ifonly引导意为“只要；如果”。I’llletyouusethecarifonlyyoukeepitingoodcondition.(4)as/solongas引导意为“只要；如果”。Aslongasitdoesn’train,wecanplay.(5)provided(that)/providing(that)引导意为“如果；只要”。Iwillagreetogoprovidingthatmyexpensearepaid.7.让步状语从句(1)although/though引导都作“虽然；尽管”解，通常可以换用，Althoughtheyhavebeentalkingforalongtime,hecannotmakeherbelievehim.(2)evenif/though引导“即使，纵然”，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。EvenifIfailedagain,Iwillnotgiveuptheexperiment.(4)while引导意为“虽然，尽管”，WhileIunderstandyourpointofview，Idonotshareit.(5)whatever/nomatterwhat引导作“无论什么”解，Whatever/Nomatterwhathesays，don’tgo.4Practicemakesperfect!(6)whichever/nomatterwhich引导作“无论哪个”解Whichever/Nomatterwhichyoubuy，thereisasix-monthguarantee.(7)whoever/nomatterwho引导作“无论谁”解Youcan’tcomein，whoeveryouare.(8)however/nomatterhow引导作“无论如何…”解Howeverhighitmaybe，itcan’treachthesky.(9)whenever/nomatterwhen引导作“无论何时”解，WheneverI’munhappy，hecheersmeup.(10)as引导作“虽然；尽管”和“即使”解,此时要用倒装句Strongasyoumaybe,youcannotliftit.Lateasitwas,theycontinuedtostudy.8.方式状语从句(1)as引导意为“以…方式；如同…那样”，从句有时是省略句。Airistomanaswateristofish.(2)asif/asthough引导作“好像，仿佛”解。从句往往用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。Theylookedatmeasif/asthoughIweremad.9.比较状语从句(1)as...as引导表示同级比较，主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式，从句常常为省略句。Wewereasfortunateasthem(theywere)(2)notso/as...as引导表示同级比较，意为“不如…”That’snotso/assimpleasitsounds.基础训练1.Itis3years____Mr.Wallaceboughtthiswatchanditwillbe3years___hebuysanotherone.2.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasbuilt________thereusedtobeatheatre.3.GuoJingminghadtostandonthetable____________hecouldbeseenbyhisfans.4.Hisplanwas________agoodonethatweallagreedtoacceptit.5.Youwillsucceedintheend________yougiveuphalfway.6.________TomcomesfromCanada,heknowsChinesemannersverywell.7.Theteacheroftenjoinedstudent‟sactivities____________shewereastudentlikeus.8.WheninRome,do________theRomansdo.5Practicemakesperfect!状语从句专项练习一、单选：()1.[14•安徽卷]Themeaningoftheword“nice”changedafewtimes_____itfinallycametoincludethesense“pleasant”．A．beforeB．afterC．sinceD．while()2．[14•北京卷]________theforestparkisfaraway,alotoftouristsvisititeveryyear.A．AsB．WhenC．EventhoughD．Incase()3.[14•湖南卷]Youwillnevergainsuccess________y