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英语报刊选读试题1I.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(5pointsforeach;30pointsintotal)1.Ms.StuartsaysherexperiencewithonlinelearingwaswonderfulbutalsoservedtochallengeoneofthefalseideasaboutInternetstudy:thenotionthatitdoesn’trequireasmuchcommitmentanddisciplineasconventionalclassroomcourses.Ifanything,Stuartbelievessheworksharderthanmosttraditionalon-sitestudents.Shesaysshecanprovidefirsthandevidencethattheideathatdistancelearningiseasyisamisconception.2.Thecoverstoryofthiswinter’salumnibulletin,whichwasdesignedpartlybytheUniversityofCalifornia’sgovernmentrelationsofficeinWashington,wasalsoashrewdploytocementrelationswithJerryLewis,whoisakeymemberoftheHouseAppropriationsCommittee.3.Individualprofessorsandcollegeadministratorshavealsobeenincreasingtheirpoliticaldonations,accordingtotheCenterforResponsivePolitics.Giftsbyuniversityemployeestopresidentialcandidatestotaledmorethan＄2.4millioninthefirstthreequartersof2003,accordingtothecenter.TheleadingrecipientwasHowardDean,whocollected＄719,000,andclosebehindwasGeorgeW.Bush,whoreceived＄680,000.4.Ineffect,theBushdoctrineestablishestwoclassesofsovereignties:thesovereigntyoftheUnitedStates,whichtakesprecedenceoverinternationaltreatiesandobligations;andthesovereigntyofallothercountries,whichissubjecttothewilloftheUnitedStates.ThisisreminiscentofGeorgeOrwell’sAnimalFarm:allanimalsareequal,butsomeanimalsaremoreequalthanothers.5.Collegesanduniversitiesstillshyawayfromorganizedpoliticalfundraisingandcampaignadvertising–thestockintradeofmodernlobbying.Nonprofitstatusorstatelawsprohibitmanyofthemfromengaginginit.6.DonWisewanderedintothelivingroomofhishomeinLeewoodoneeveninglastSemptember.Histen-year-oldson,Mike,anda12-year-oldfriendweresittinginfrontofalarge-screentelevisionset.Theywereplayingavediogametheyhadrentedcalled007.II.Readthepassageandchoosetherightanswertoeachquestion.（5pointsforeach;20pointsintotal）CampaignstrategistshaveagreedtofocusontheSenate,whereleadershopetocompleteworkonthebudgetpackagebyMay1.“WefeltthatiftheSenatedefeatedtheproposal,itwouldnotevencomeupintheHouse,”saysJohnRother,legislativedirectorforthe18-million-memberAmericanAssociationofRetiredpersons.TargetedmainlyareRepublicans,whocontroltheSenate,withparticularemphasisonthe21whofacere-electionnextyear.Thenextelectionloomslargeinthelobbyists’strategy.“WeshallnotforgetifCongressbehavesinanunfriendlyfashiontotheseniorcitizensoftheUnitedStates,”warnsJacobClayman,presidentoftheNCSC,whichrepresents4.5millionpersons.“Weshallremember—and1986isjustaroundthecorner.”EricShulman,legislativedirectorfortheNCSC,explains:“Thoseupforreelectionwillhavetheirearsclosesttotheground—andwearemakingasmuchofarumbleaswecan.WeseethisissuebeingwonorlostnotinWashingtonbutoutinthecountryside.”AddsArthurFlemming,formerU.S.commissioneronagingandnowalobbyistfortheelderly:”“It’sthegrassrootsthatconveythemessagemosteffectively.”1．Inthesentence“……whereleadershopetocomplete…,”leadersreferto.A．HouseleadersB．floorleadersC．CongressionalD．Senateleaders2．Inthesentence“…itwouldnotevencomeupintheHouse…,”theHouserefersto.A．theHouseofCommonsB．theHouseofRepresentativesC．theHouseofLordsD．theSenate3．Whydoestheauthorsay,“TargartedmainlyareRepublicanswhocantroltheSenate…?”Itis.A．sosaidbecausetheDemocratsholdmoreseatsintheSenateB．sosaidbecausetheRepublicansholdmoreseatsintheSenateC．sosaidbecausetheRepublicansholdfewerseatsintheSenateD．sosaidbecausetheRepublicansPartyholdsmorecongressionalseats4．Inthesentence“It’sthegrassrootsthatconveythemessagemosteffectively,”grassrootsreferto.A．ordinarycitizensorvotersB．basicstructuresC．politiciansD．CongressmenIII．Readthefollowingandanswerquestions.（10pointsforeach;50pointsintotal）Blacks’historyinAmerica(1660—1860)AmericanBlacksarewithoutdoubtallofAfricanorigin.Thefirstgroupof20BlackssoldtoEnglishsettlersofVirginiain1619werebroughtinbyaDutchship.Fromthattimetothemid-19thcentury,some14millionblacksweretransportedfromWestAfricatoVirginiaandothersoutherncoloniesoftheNewWorld.Almostallofthemweresoldintoslaveryandsubjectedtowhiterule.Notonlywouldtheyworkfortheirmastersasslavesforlifebuttheirdescendantswouldalsobecomeslavesthemomenttheywereborn.Ofcoursenopersonwouldhavevoluntarilychosentobesoldawayfromhisnativecountry.HewaseithersoldbyhisownrulersorcapturedbywhiteslavetradersasportrayedinAlexHaley’snovalRoots.SomeofthedetailsinHaley’sstoryweresimilartothoseinotherbooks.ThekidnappingofslavesandtheirmiserablelifeunderthesupervisionofslaveownersandoverseersexistedandtheconditionsonthevoyagefromAfricatoAmericawerehorrible.Theslaves’bodieswereboundtogetherandtheirlimbseithertiedorchainedwithshackleslikeKunta,animportantcharacterinRoots.Theairintheholdswasfilthywiththesmellofsweat,vormitandbodywaste.Whentheycaughtinfectionsdiseases,manyslavesdiedonthevoyage.Someevendiedoffloggingorstarvation.Itwassaidthatonlyabouthalfslavescouldsurvivethevoyage.Thoughsomesurvived,thefateofthosesurvivorswasnobetterthanbeingsoldatauctionlikeanimals.After1700,alargenumberofAfricansarrivedinAmerica.Inthefirsthalfofthecentury,theymadeup20percentofthecol