第四章数控车床典型零件的加工

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101第四章数控车床典型零件的加工第一节数控车工操作工(中级)课题Ⅰ一、实训图纸如下图所示,已知毛坯为φ36×115的45钢,要求编制数控加工程序并完成零件的加工。全部数控车工操作工(中级)课题Ⅰ比例数量材料(图1)145钢姓名日期中船澄西技工学校评分评分1.如图(1)所示,毛坯尺寸φ36×115㎜,材料45#钢,1号刀:粗精车外圆刀(90°右偏刀),2号刀:切断刀(刀宽4㎜)。2.零件图工艺分析(1)技术要求分析。如图(1)所示,零件包括外沟槽,外圆锥,半球体和切断等加工。其中工件的尺寸精度和表面粗糙度的要求不高。零件材料45#钢,无热处理和硬度要求。(2)确定装夹方案,定位基准,加工起点,换刀点。用三爪自定心卡盘夹紧定位,加工起点和换刀点可以设为同一点,(即:G00X100.Z100.)。(3)制定加工方案,确定各刀具及切削用量。如表:(图1号)的刀具卡实训课题典型零件的编程及加工零件名称轴类零件零件图号1序号刀具号刀具名称及规格刀尖半径数量加工表面备注1T010190°粗精车外圆刀0.21外轮廓1022T0202切槽刀刀宽4㎜1切槽左刀尖(图1号)的工序和操作清单材料45#零件图号13-4系统FANUC工序号120操作序号工步内容(走刀路线)G功能T刀具切削用量转速Sr/min进给速度Fmm/r切削深度mm主程序1夹住棒料一头,夹持长度75㎜(手动操作),调用主程序1加工(1)加工工件端面G01T01016000.1(2)外轮廓粗加工G71T01016000.31.5(3)外轮廓精加工G70T010115000.10.5(4)车外沟槽G01T02026000.23.数值计算(1)设定程序原点,以工件前端面与轴线的交点为程序原点建立工件坐标系,当工件要调头车削时,也同样以前端面与轴线的交点为程序原点建立工件坐标系。工件加工程序起始点和换刀点都设在(X100.,Z100.)位置点。(2)暂不考虑刀具刀尖圆弧半径对工件轮廓的影响。4.工件参考程序a)工件的参考程序。表4-1案例图(1)程序卡(供参考)数控车床程序卡编程原点工件右端面与轴线交点编写日期零件名称球轴零件图号1材料45#车床型号CKA6150DJ夹具名称三爪卡盘实训车间数控车间程序号O1111编程系统FANUC0i-TC序号程序简要说明N0010T0101换刀补号为01的01号刀N0020M03S600主轴正转,转速600r/minN0030G00X100Z100快速定点,检验1号刀的刀补N0040G00X38Z2快速定位到加工循环起始点N0050G71U1.5R1采用外径粗加工循环指令编程加工N0060G71P70Q160U0.5W0F0.3N0070G00X0循环起始句N0080G01Z0N0090G03X20Z-10R10103N0100G01Z-25N0110G01X24N0120G01X30Z-38N0130G01Z-50N0140G01X35N0150G01Z-70N0160G01X40循环结束句N0170G00X100Z100N0180M05N0190M00N0200T0101N0210M03S1500N0220G00X38Z2快速定位到加工循环起始点N0230G70P70Q160F0.1调用精加工程序,加工外轮廓N0240G00X100Z100刀具返回换刀点N0250M05N0260M00N0270T0202换刀补号为02的02号刀N0280M03S600N0290G00X37Z2N0300G00Z-50N0310G01X25F0.2N0320G00X37N0330G00X100Z100刀具返回换刀点N0340M30程序结束b)工件的参考程序。表4-2案例图(1)程序卡(供参考)数控车床程序卡编程原点工件右端面与轴线交点编写日期零件名称球轴零件图号1材料45#车床型号仁和夹具名称三爪卡盘实训车间数控车间程序号P0001编程系统仁和序号程序简要说明N0010T11换刀补号为01的01号刀N0020M03主轴正转N0030G00X35.5Z2N0040G01Z-70F150粗车外圆104N0050G00X40Z2N0060G23X34.5Z-50F150矩形循环粗加工台阶N0070X32.5N0080X30.5N0090G00X30.5Z2循环起点坐标N0100G22L0005轮廓循环,循环5次N0110G00U-2循环的内容N0120G01W-27F150N0130G01U4N0140G01U6W-13N0150G00W40N0160G00U-10N0170G80循环结束N0180G22L0010轮廓循环,循环10次N0190G00U-2每次进刀2mmN0200G01W-2F150N0210G03U20W-10R10N0220G00W12N0230G00U-20N0240G80循环结束N0250G00X100Z100N0260M05主轴停,检测工件N0270M00N0280M03N0290T11换刀补号为01的01号刀N0300G00X0Z5外形轮廓精加工程序N0310G01Z0F100N0320G03X20Z-10R10F100N0330G01Z-25F100N0340G01X24N0350G01X30Z-38N0360G01Z-50N0370G01X35N0380G01Z-70N0390G00X100Z100刀具返回换刀点N0400M05主轴停,检测工件N0410M00程序暂停105N0420M03N0430T22换刀补号为02的02号刀N0440G00X38Z-50N0450G01X25F100切槽N0460G00X100N0470G00Z100N0480M30程序结束第二节数控车工操作工(中级)课题Ⅱ一、实训图纸如下图所示,已知毛坯为φ40×115的45钢,要求编制数控加工程序并完成零件的加工。注:毛坯为Ø40,零件还没有进行粗加工。数控车工操作工(中级)课题Ⅱ比例数量材料(图2)145钢姓名日期中船澄西技工学校评分1.如图(2)所示,毛坯尺寸φ40×115㎜,材料45#钢,1号刀:粗精车外圆刀(90°右偏刀),2号刀:切断刀(刀宽5㎜),3号刀:外螺纹车刀(60°)2.零件图工艺分析106(1)技术要求分析。如图(2)所示,零件包括复杂的外形面,外沟槽,外圆锥,半球体,圆弧面,和切断等加工。其中工件的外圆尺寸精度和表面粗糙度的要求很高。零件材料45#钢,无热处理和硬度要求。(2)确定装夹方案,定位基准,加工起点,换刀点。用三爪自定心卡盘夹紧定位,加工起点和换刀点可以设为同一点,(即:G00X100.Z100.)。(3)制定加工方案,确定各刀具及切削用量。如下图:(图2号)的刀具卡实训课题典型零件的编程及加工零件名称轴类零件零件图号2序号刀具号刀具名称及规格刀尖半径数量加工表面备注1T010190°粗精车外圆刀0.21外轮廓2T0202切槽刀刀宽4㎜1切槽左刀尖3T030360°螺纹车刀1(图2号)的工序和操作清单材料45#零件图号2系统FANUC工序号操作序号工步内容(走刀路线)G功能T刀具切削用量转速Sr/min进给速度Fmm/r切削深度mm主程序1夹住棒料一头,夹持长度70㎜(手动操作),调用主程序1加工(1)加工工件端面G01T01016000.1(2)外轮廓粗加工G71T01016000.31.5(3)外轮廓精加工G70T010115000.10.5(4)车外沟槽G01T02026000.2(5)车三角螺纹G92T03036003.数值计算(1)设定程序原点,以工件前端面与轴线的交点为程序原点建立工件坐标系,当工件要调头车削时,也同样以前端面与轴线的交点为程序原点建立工件坐标系。工件加工程序起始点和换刀点都设在(X100.,Z100.)位置点。(2)计算螺纹切入的深度:ap=1.25×P。(3)暂不考虑刀具刀尖圆弧半径对工件轮廓的影响。4.工件参考程序与加工操作过程(1)工件的参考程序。107表4-3案例图(2)程序卡(供参考)数控车床程序卡编程原点工件右端面与轴线交点编写日期零件名称轴类零件零件图号2材料45#车床型号CKA6150DJ夹具名称三爪卡盘实训车间数控车间程序号O0001编程系统FANUC0i-TC序号程序简要说明N0010T0101换刀补号为01的01号刀N0020M03S600主轴正转,转速600r/minN0030G00X100Z100快速定点,检验1号刀的刀补N0040G00X42Z2快速定位到加工循环起始点N0050G71U1.5R1采用外径粗加工循环指令编程加工N0060G71P70Q200U0.5W0F0.3N0070G00X0循环起始句N0080G01Z0采用复合循环粗加工外圆,X正方向留精加工余量0.5mmN0090G03X16Z-8R8N0100G01X21N0110G01X24Z-16N0120G01X27N0130G01X29.8Z-17.5N0140G01Z-46N0150G01X30N0160G01X32Z-47N0170G01Z-55N0180G02X38Z-58R3N0190G01Z-63N0200G01X42循环结束句N0210G00X100Z100刀具返回换刀点N0220M05主轴停N0230M00程序暂停,检测工件N0240T0101再次执行01号刀和01号刀补N0250M03S1500主轴正转,每分钟1500转N0260G00X38Z2快速定位到加工循环起始点N0270G70P70Q200F0.1调用精加工程序,加工外轮廓N0280G00X100Z100刀具返回换刀点N0290M05N0300M00N0310T0202换2号刀,执行02的号刀补,108N0320M03S600N0330G00X40Z2N0340G00Z-46切槽N0350G01X25F0.2N0360G00X40N0370G00Z-45N0380G01X30F0.3N0390G01X28Z-46F0.2N0400G00X40退刀时先退X方向N0410G00X100Z100刀具返回换刀点N0420M05主轴停N0430M00N0440T0303换03号刀,执行03的号刀补,N0450M03S800N0460G00X40Z-8快速定位到加工螺纹的循环起始点N0470G92X29.5Z-43F2车螺纹,螺距2N0480X29N0490X28.5N0500X28N0510X27.5N0520G00X100Z100刀具返回换刀点N0530M30程序结束(2)工件的参考程序。表4-4案例图(2)程序卡(供参考)数控车床程序卡编程原点工件右端面与轴线交点编写日期零件名称轴类零件零件图号2材料45#车床型号仁和夹具名称三爪卡盘实训车间数控车间程序号P0001编程系统仁和序号程序简要说明N0010T11换刀补号为01的01号刀N0020M03主轴正转N0030G00X38.5Z5N0040G01Z-63F150粗车外圆N0050G00X40Z2N0060G00X38.5Z2循环起点坐标N0070G22L0003轮廓循环,循环3次109N0080G00U-2循环的内容,每次进给2mmN0090G01W-57F150N0100G02U6W-3R3N0110G00W60N0120G00U-6N0130G80循环结束N0140G23X30.5Z-46F150矩形循环粗加工台阶N0150X28.5Z-16N0160X26.5N0170X24.5N0180X22.5Z-8N0190X20.5N0200X18.5N0210X16.5N0220G00X21.5N0230G01Z-8F150N0240G01X24.5Z-16F150粗车外圆锥N0250G00Z2N0260G00X16.5Z2循环起点坐标N0270G22L0008轮廓循环,循环8次N0280G00U-2循环加工圆弧N0290G01W-2F150N0300G03U16W-8R8N0310G00W10N0320G00U-16N0330G80循环结束N0340G00X100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