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X(100050)(518036),,,AbstractBiochemicaltreatisesasimportantdocumentsthatreportanddisseminatethenewestfindingsinbio2chemicalresearchcontainwordsthatoftenacquirenewmeaningsinthenewgenre.Therefore,correctunder2standingofthesewordsisofuttermostimportanceforproperinterpretationofthemeaningsofsuchbiochemicaltexts.Inthisarticle,wediscussthetranslatingofseveraltypesofwords,e.g.nouns,verbs,adjectives,ad2verbsandprepositionsinEnglishbiomedicaltreatises,andhopefully,someofthestrategiesandconsiderationsinrenderingthesewordscanbeofreferencetoothers.KeyWordsEnglishtranslationbiomedicaltreatisewords1,,,,,,,,,,22.1,,,,,,,,,,,,1Althoughtherelativecontributionsofvariouscalcium-regulatedprocessestoneuronalcytoskeletondamageareyetnotknown,severallinesofevidencesuggestthatoveractivationofcalpainsmayplayamajorroleinthepathologyoftraumaticbraininjury(TBI)andcerebralis2chemiainvivo.:,:1)contribution,,contributions,,actions,184200511CHINESESCIENCE&TECHNOLOGYTRANSLATORSJOURNALVol.18.No.4Nov.2005X:20050124/05effects,2)+s,+s,calpains,,caspases()2Differencesbetweenpreclinicalandclinicaltrialoutcomewithneuroprotectivedrugsinacuteischemicstrokemaybecausedbyavari2etyofpitfallsthatarisewhenattemptingtoex2trapoltatefromanimaltohumaninvestigation.:,:pitfall,,,,,pit2fall,,2.2,,,,,1Althoughourownandotherlaborato2rieshaveshownthatsystemicadministrationofCalpainInhibitorreliablyinhibitscalpainacti2vation,thesestudiesbythemselvesdonotallowustoconcludethatCalpainInhibitorattenu2atedthepathophysiologicaleffectsofSAHsolelythroughinhibitionofcalpain.:,SAH:allow,,,thesestudiesbythemselves,allow,allowto,permit(,),lead...toconclude()2Surprisingly,wefoundthatanimalex2perimentsandclinicalstudiesransimultaneous2ly.::run,,runsimultaneously,2.3,,,,,,,,1Parallelultrastructuralstudieswereperformeduponcerebralarteriesandtheiradja2centperivascularsubarachnoidspaces.:():parallel,,parallel:1.;2.,2Convincingevidenceindicatesthatlipidperoxideandfreeradicalaccumulationinthewallsofcerebralarteriesexposedtoadegradingsubarachnoidbloodclotareintegralcomponentsinthedevelopmentofcerebralvasospasm.:618:integralintegral:1.;2.,,,,,3Severalstudieshavereportedthatneu2ronalcalciumoverloadisareliablefeatureofex2perimentalTBI(traumaticbraininjury).::reliable,,reliablefeature,,,,4Thus,differentmagnitudesofinjurymaytriggerdivergentsignalingpathwaysthatultimatelyleadtocalpainand/orcaspase-3medi2atedcelldeath.:,calpain/caspase-3:divergent,,,,,2.4,,,,,,1Subarachnoidhemorrhagewasremote2lyinducedviaperforationofthecircleofWillisofratswithanendovascularsutureduringMRimaging.:MR(),Willis(),:remotely,,,Willis,Willis,,,2a.Thedosagesofnimodipineusedwere3to7timesgreaterthanthatreportedtobetherapeuticallyeffectiveinreducingtheinci2denceofseveredeficitsfromvasospasminpa2tientswithaneurysmalsubarachnoidhemor2rhage.b.WhentheCOOH-terminalportionofRho-kinaseisdeleted,theNH2-terminalportioncontainingthecatalyticdomainofRho-kinasebecomesconstitutivelyactive.:a.,3-7b.RhoCOOH-,NH2:,,,(a),,(b)2.5,,,,,,,,,,1a.Asmallbutsignificantincreaseincaspase-9mRNAwasseenintheipsilateralcor2texacrosstimeaftersevereinjurymagnitude.b.Thisswellingispresumablyduetothedissipationoftheionicgradientsacrossthecellmembrane,whichleadstoaninfluxofcalcium,sodiumionsandwaterintothecells.(10)74:and,(6)Inoneoftheexperimentshecontractedtheblood-poisoninghewasseekingtoeliminateanddied.,(7)Lackofadequatelubricationpromoteswearandshortenscomponentlife.,,6:,(1)Theboilingpointsofhydrocarbonsaredifferent.Theycanberemovedfrompetroliumbycontrollingtheirtemperature.,()()(2)Magneticmeasurementgivenoinforma2tionabouttheextentofthethermalareaatdepth.Volcanicrocksfrominsidethefieldwerefoundtobenon-magnetic.,,(,,,)(3)Forthemoment,drillinghasstopped.Oneofpropulsionmotorsthatcontroltheauto2maticthrustershasmalfunctioned.,,(,),,,,,,,,,7111,1981211(),1992311:,2000411:,2001511,1999,(1)(7):a.,cas2pase-9mRNA()b.,:+,across;aacross,;bacross,,for2Examiningconcurrentchangesinmes2sagelevelmayshedlightontheinter-relation2shipofthesetwoimportantcysteineproteasefamiliesandonthedistinctbutoverlappingcas2cadestocelldeathafterTBI.:TBI:++,,,,leading,3,,,;,,,,,,41,..,19862..,19960118