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2014年考研英语(一)试题(完整版)2014年01月05日13:06万学海文微博我有话说万学海文教研中心英语教研室SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan’tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments。”3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(n)4impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5。Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.11___,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandfluctuate__12_mentaleffort。Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep__13__anddevelopedthefirstbraintrainingProgramdesignedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental__14__。TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping-muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse。1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recover[D]collapses3.[A]unless[B]while[C]once[D]if4.[A]damaging[B]limited[C]uneven[D]obscure5.[A]relationship[B]environment[C]welling[D]outlook6.[A]figures[B]finds[C]points[D]turns7.[A]responses[B]roundabout[C]workouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]criterion[C]circumstances[D]functions9.[A]channel[B]sequence[C]process[D]condition10.[A]feature[B]excel[C]persist[D]believe11.[A]however[B]moreover[C]otherwise[D]therefore12.[A]insteadof[B]according[C]apartfrom[D]regardless13.[A]further[B]back[C]aside[D]around14.[A]framework[B]stability[C]flexibility[D]sharpness15.[A]hurries[B]reminds[C]allows[D]forces16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]constantly[B]habitually[C]irregularly[D]unusually19.[A]put[B]carry[C]build[D]take20.[A]idle[B]familiar[C]risky[D]effectiveSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Inordertochangelivesforthebetterandreducedependency.GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedtheupfrontworksearchscheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerfortheonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker'sallowance.Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.heclaimed,We'redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster.Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewithreformstoanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstandwashiszealforfundamentalfairness-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits。Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob。ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency-permanentdependencyifyoucangetit–supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever–tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnofundamentalrighttobenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance”，conditionalonactivelyseekingajob:noentitlementandnoinsurance,at￡71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU。21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits。[B]encouragejobseeker’sactiveengagementinjobseeking.[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily。[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefit。22.Thephase“tosighon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]tocheckontheavailability