高速激光切割机床数控系统研究

上海交通大学硕士学位论文高速激光切割机床数控系统研究姓名：石尚锋申请学位级别：硕士专业：@指导教师：胡俊20080201IRT-LinuxServoWorks,-IIABSTRACTIIIRESEARCHOFNUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMFORLASERCUTTINGMACHINEABSTRACTLasercuttingisanewmethodofthermalcuttingwhichhasthestrengthsofhighprecision,efficiencyandlowpollution.Nowitbecomesoneofthehotspotsofthermalcuttingtechnology.Inordertosatisfytherequirementsofcuttingequipment’sautomationlevel,highprecisionandnumericalcontrol,andalsorealizetheNCsystemofhigh-speedlasercuttingmachinelocalization.ThisthesisresearchesanddevelopsasoftNCsystemwithintellectualpropertyunderthesustainofShanghaiScientificandTechnologyCommitteeinordertosatisfytherequirementofdomesticlasercuttingtechnology.Firstly,thispaperanalyzesthebasicfunctionmodulesbasedonembeddedNCsystemoflasercuttingmachine,andthenselectstheopenNCplatformbasedontheRT-LinuxandServoWorks,anddesignsthesoftwareandhardwarestructureforthelasercuttingmachine.Meanwhileitdiscussestheprincipleofmulti-taskscheduleanddatatransformationwhichgiveasolidfoundationforeverymodulesworkingharmonyandeffectivelybetweeneachother.Secondly,basedontheanalysisofthefactorsthatinfluencethecuttingqualityandenergydistributingmodel,ap-vmodelthatoptimizethelaserpowerdensityisestablished,andaself-adaptivemoduleoflaserpowerisdevelopedandintegratedintotheCNCsystem.Thirdly,itdescribesthemechanicalstructureofhigh-speedlasercuttingmachine,analyzestheflyingbeamdeformationproblemindifferentsituation,givesaNCanti-deformationmethodbasedondynamicsandABSTRACTIVdecreasestheflyingbeam’sdeformationduringlaserprocessing.Fourthly,ithasdesignedthecontrolandauxiliarycircuitofthelasercuttingmachine,andfinallyverifiedtheNCsystem’sperformanceoflasercuttingmachinethroughtheexperiment.Lastly,theconclusionandprospectofresearcharegiven,whichisexpectedtoprovidecertainreferenceforfurtherresearchanddevelopmentoflasercuttingNCsystem.Keywords:LasercuttingNCsystemSelf-adaptiveControl,Deformation11.170%10.2-0.3mm(0.2-0.4mm)(6.3)2(TANAKA)(KOIKE)AMADAMURATANTCTRUMPFL-TEC(LINDA)BYSTRONIC(ESAB)(MESSER)150m/min±0.03mm/m:±0.01mm22--05DZ220031.2[1][2][3]1.2.11.2.1.11-11-1Fig.1-1ThePrincipleofLaserCutting31.2.1.21108W/cm21021/10341.2.24123451.319831500WCO2300100025mm1.3.1161-2Fig.1-2FlyingLaserPathLaserCuttingMachine1-2YXTRUMPFTRUMATICL3050200m/min(300m/min)21-3Fig.1-3PlanerTypeHigh-speedLaserCuttingMachineX+X-Y+Y-731-4Fig.1-4FixedLaserPathLaserCuttingMachine41-5Fig1-5ThreeDimensionLaserCuttingMachine81.3.2CIMT2007SYNCRONO6g0.01mm0.05mm0.03mm1300600TRUMPFAMADA240m/min(340m/min)5gBystronieBYSPEED3015(DHM)3g12CNCZ31.41.4.1[14]IEEE9devicesusedtocontrol,monitor,orassisttheoperationofequipment,machineryorplantsMP3PDAGIS[15]1.4.21USBFlashI/OPLC1-6Fig.1-6HardwareStructureforEmbeddedNCSystemCPUARMX86MCURISCHarvard10FPGA2RTHALFIFOSHMRTAILINUXCAD/CAMRTNCNCAPICNC1-7Fig.1-7SoftwareStructureforEmbeddedNCSystem(NCAPI)PLCNCAPIPLCMST,PLCMDIFIFO11MDIPLC(NCAPI)INCAPIIAPIAPI1.4.3CNCI/O1.5RT-Linux1205DZ22003RT-Linux-1-8131.11.21.31.41.52.12.22.32.42.53.13.23.33.44.14.24.34.44.55.15.25.35.46.16.26.31-8Fig.1-8PapersStructure142.1GHypertherm2-1XYZPIDI/ONCI/ODXF2-1Fig.2-1TheFunctionChartofLaserCuttingMachine2.22.2.12.2.1.115[7]Linux12CPU3CPUCPU42.2.1.2RT-LinuxLinuxLinuxRT-Linux16LinuxLinuxX-WindowsTCP/IPRT-LinuxLinuxRT-LinuxLinux8259LinuxLinuxLinuxLinuxLinux2-2LinuxALinuxBFIFO/MBUFFLinuxPOSIX2-2RT-LinuxFig.2-2TheStructureofRT-LinuxSystemX86RT-Linux15us35us17FIFORT-LinuxLinuxX-WindowsPCRT-LinuxRT-Linux2.2.1.3SoftServoRTXWindowsNT/2000/XPRT-LinuxLinuxIEEE1394Mechatrolink™16416I/OI/OC/C++VBDelphi/KylixAPI[8]2-3CNCWin32LinuxSoftWorksAPIRTX/Win32DLL,RT-Linux/LinuxSoCNC12PID3GPLCRTXRT-LinuxWindowsNT/Windows2000/WindowsXPLinuxFP60/75PCI/ISADC-120DC-150IM-200IM-200I/OI/OI/OPC2-3Fig.2-3TheHardwareStructureOfEmbeddedNumericalControlSystemForLaserCuttingMachine18ServoWorksWindowsLinuxPLCRTXRT-LinuxServoWorksAPI2.2.22.2.2.1PLCCPU1CPU2CPU3CPUCPUPCM3370All-in-oneLVPentiumIII800/933PC/104PC/104+CPUCPU,2.2.2.2PCPC19DSPPCPCLinuxWindowsSoftServoFP1041632I/O0.1umVersioBusFPGAFP1042.2.32-42-4Fig.2-4FunctionalModulesofLaserCuttingCNCsystemNCNCNC[9][10]ServoWorksRT-LinuxTIMER[11]2-52-5Fig.2-5SchedulingpolicyoflasercuttingCNCsystemServoWorksAPILinuxNC(TIMER)NCDXFServoWorks+RT-Linux202.3CNCGG[12]2.3.12-62-6Fig.2-6FlowChartofLaserCuttingCNCSystem’sDataTransformation1FMSTServoWorks+RT-LinuxDXF212223452-6NCNGMSTFGM2.3.22-6ServoWorks[13]232-12-1Tab.2-1DatastructureoftheCNCsystem’sdecodingprocessMSTGXYIJFXYMSTMGGIJFFGGMFMFGGXY2-7242-7GFig.2-7StructureandFlowChartoftheG-CodeProcessing2.42.4.1KylixKylixBorlandLinuxDelphiC++BuilderGUIInternetDelphiforLinuxKylixAberdeenBillClaybrookLinuxLinuxKylixWindowsLinux[19]WebBorlandLinuxKylixLinuxKylixLinuxKylixLinux25IDEApacheWebServer2.4.22-82-8Fig.2-8TheEmbeddedNCSystemforLaserCuttingMachine2.5RT-Linux263.143-112273-1Fig.3-1FactorsThatAffecttheQualityofLaserCutting3/283-23-2Fig.3-2DifferentPositionoftheLaserFocus3-26mmZ4529123.23.2.1condmeltheatlasQQQP++=3-1lasPheatQmeltQcondQLimPowellVicanekSimonlasPoutlasAPP=3-230AoutPheatQTmcQheat∆=3-3mcT∆0TTTm−=∆mT0TmeltQmmelt