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正保远程教育（美国纽交所上市公司代码：DL）_____________________________________________________________________[1]职业培训教育网010-82333888（24小时）第八篇ScreenTest1EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.Ifthishappensearlyenough,thediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully.Accordingtoasurveypublishedlastyear,21countrieshavescreeningprogrammes.Nineofthem,includingAustralia,Canada,theUSandSpain,screenwomenunder50.2Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversial,partlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskofinducingcancer.Also,youngerwomenmusthegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.3ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversity'ofValenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160,000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen'scumulativedoseofradiation,theyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.4ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain'sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoard（NRPB）predictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper100,000women,18ofthemfatal.ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.5Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersis“notverysignificant'comparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogramme,theysay,detectsbetween300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100,000womenscreened.6Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbereducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45,becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy,theysuggest,couldhelp“optimisethetechnique”forbreastcancerscreening.7“Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisks,”admitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB.Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.“Onthebasisofthecurrentdata,forevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That'swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimisedinanyscreeningprogramme.”正保远程教育（美国纽交所上市公司代码：DL）_____________________________________________________________________[2]职业培训教育网010-82333888（24小时）答案与题解：1.AA说的是：用x射线检查可能对年轻女人不好。下面是第二段讲的意思：但是，用x射线检查年轻女性，就医学上的好处而论，是有争议的，部分原因是辐射有诱发癌症的小小的危险。另外，年轻女人乳房组织紧密，给予的x射线的剂量要多一些。2.BB说的是：调查用x射线检查的结果。第三段的第一句话是这么说的：Valencia理工大学的研究人员分析了11个社区诊所用x射线检查16万以上女性的结果。可见B为正确的选项。3.CC说的是：两种不同的模型预测的结果。第四段讲的是，两种不同的数学模型在预测用x射线检查女性诱发癌症的结果是不一样的。C概述了这段话。4.DD说的是：辐射诱发癌症的危险是很小的。第五段的第一句话是这么说的：Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersis“notverysignificant”comparedtothefarlarger正保远程教育（美国纽交所上市公司代码：DL）_____________________________________________________________________[3]职业培训教育网010-82333888（24小时）numberofcancersthatarediscoveredandtreated.研究人员争辩说，与发现后接受治疗的癌症数字相比，由辐射诱发癌症的数字是很小的。5.CC与题干生成：Earlydiscoveryofbreastcancermaysavealife.乳腺癌发现得早也许能挽救生命。答案可以从第一段中找到。6.DD与题干生成：Advantagesofscreeningwomenunder50arestillopentodebate.对50岁以下的女人用x射线检查的好处仍然是有争议的。第二段的第一个句子是这么说的：Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversial…但是，用x射线检年轻女性，就医学上的好处而论，是有争议的……这两个句子用词有些差别，但基本意思是相同的。7.EE与题干生成：Delayingtheageatwhichscreeningstartsmayreducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancer.延缓用x射线检查的年龄也许能减少辐射诱发癌症的危险。答案在第六段。8.FF与题干生成：Radiationexposureshouldbereducedtotheminimum.应把接受辐射降低到最小的程度。答案在文章的最后一句。（注：网校整理的以上信息仅供参考，如有异议，请考生以实际教材内容为准！）