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2014高考化学踩点夺分：知识点三、非金属氢化物(HF、HCl、H2O、H2S、NH3)（1）、还原性4HCl(浓)+MnO2△MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]4HCl(g)+O2△2Cl2+2H2O16HCl+2KMnO4＝2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O*14HCl+K2Cr2O7＝2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O2H2O+2F2＝4HF+O2[来源:学科网]2H2S+3O2(足量)＝2SO2+2H2O2H2S+O2(少量)＝2S+2H2O2H2S+SO2＝3S+2H2OH2S+H2SO4(浓)＝S↓+SO2+2H2O[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]3H2S+2HNO3(稀)＝3S↓+2NO+4H2O5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4＝2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O*3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4＝Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2O*H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O＝Na2SO4+6NaOH2NH3+3CuO△3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3Cl2＝N2+6HCl8NH3+3Cl2＝N2+6NH4Cl4NH3+3O2(纯氧)点燃2N2+6H2O4NH3+5O2催化剂△4NO+6H2O4NH3+6NO催化剂△5N2+6HO(用氨清除NO)NaH+H2O＝NaOH+H2*4NaH+TiCl4＝Ti+4NaCl+2H2CaH2+2H2O＝Ca(OH)2+2H2↑（2）、酸性4HF+SiO2＝SiF4+2H2O(此反应广泛应用于测定矿样或钢样中SiO2的含量)2HF+CaCl2＝CaF2↓+2HClH2S+Fe＝FeS+H2↑H2S+CuCl2＝CuS↓+2HClH2S+2AgNO3＝Ag2S↓+2HNO3H2S+HgCl2＝HgS↓+2HClH2S+Pb(NO3)2＝PbS↓+2HNO3[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]H2S+FeCl2＝不反应[来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。K]2NH3+2Na＝2NaNH2+H2(NaNH2+H2O＝NaOH+NH3)（3）、碱性NH3+HCl＝NH4Cl(白烟)NH3+HNO3＝NH4NO3(白烟)2NH3+H2SO4＝(NH4)2SO4NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2＝NaHCO3↓+NH4Cl(侯氏制碱法)(此反应用于工业制备小苏打、苏打)(4)、不稳定性2HI△H2+I22H2O电解2H2↑+O2↑2H2O2＝2H2O+O2↑H2S△H2+S