2014高考英语二轮复习考点真题研练2-2阅读理解

1专题二阅读理解——决定成败科普常识类(2013·浙江，B)Belowisaselectionfromapopularsciencebook.Ifbloodisred，whyareveins(静脉)blue?Actually，veinsarenotblueatall.Theyaremoreofaclear，yellowishcolour.Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit'soutsidethebody，whenit'ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin，it'smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.Attherightdepth，theseblood­filledveinsreflectlessredlightthanthesurroundingskin，makingthemlookbluebycomparison.Whichworksharder，yourheartoryourbrain?Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou'rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise，andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.But，inthelongrun，yourbrainprobablytipsit，becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart，andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.Whydoteethfallout，andwhydon'ttheygrowbackingrown­ups?Baby(or“milk”)teethdonotlastlong；theyfallouttomakeroomforbigger，strongeradultteethlateron.Adultteethfalloutwhentheybecomedamaged，decayedandinfectedbybacteria.Oncethissecondsetofteethhasgrownin，you'redone.Whenthey'regone，they'regone.Thisisbecausenaturefiguresyou'resetforlife，andwhatcontrolsregrowthofyourteethswitchesoff.Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But，whentheydo，itisn'tbecausethey'reshrinkingallover.Theysimplyloseheightastheirspine(脊柱)becomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectsofgravity(重力)．Many(butnotall)menandwomendoloseheightastheygetolder.Menloseanaverageof3­4cminheightastheyage，whilewomenmaylose5cmormore.Ifyoulivetobe200yearsold，wouldyoukeepshrinkingtillyouwere，like602cmtall，likealittleboyagain？No，becauseoldpeopledon'treallyshrink！Itisnotthattheyaregrowingbackwards—theirlegs，armsandbackbonesgettingshorter.Whentheydogetshorter，it'sbecausethespinehasshortenedalittle.Or，moreoften，becomemorebentandcurved.Whydoesspinningmakeyoudizzy(眩晕的)?Becauseyourbraingetsconfusedbetweenwhatyou'reseeingandwhatyou'refeeling.Thebrainsensesthatyou'respinningusingspecialgravity­and­motion­sensingorgansinyourinnerear，whichworktogetherwithyoureyestokeepyourvisionandbalancestable.But，whenyousuddenlystopspinningthesystemgoesoutofcontrol，andyourbrainthinksyou'removingwhileyou'renot!Wheredofeelingsandemotionscomefrom?Mostlyfromanancientpartofthebraincalledthelimbicsystem.Allmammalshavethisbrainarea—frommicetodogs，cats，andhumans.Soallmammalsfeelbasicemotionslikefear，painandpleasure.Butsincehumanfeelingsalsoinvolveother，newerbitsofthebrain，wefeelmorecomplexemotionsthananyotheranimalontheplanet.Ifexercisewearsyouout，howcanitbegoodforyou?Becauseourbodiesadapttoeverythingwedotothem.Andasfarasyourbodyisconcerned，it's“useit，orloseit”！It'snotthatexercisemakesyouhealthy；it'smorethatalackofexerciseleavesyourbodyweakandeasilyaffectedbydisease.1．Whatisthecolourofbloodinaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin?A．Blue.B．Lightyellow.C．Red.D．Darkreddishpurple.解析细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的“...it'smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.”可知答案。答案D2．Whydosomeoldpeoplelookalittleshrunkenastheyage?A．Becausetheirspineisinactiveuse.B．Becausetheyaremoreeasilyaffectedbygravity.C．Becausetheykeepgrowingbackwards.D．Becausetheirspinebecomesmorebent.解析细节理解题。根据第四个标题下的“Theysimplyloseheightastheirspine(脊3柱)becomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectsofgravity(重力)．”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。答案D3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutourbrainistrue?A．Inthelongrun，ourbrainprobablyworksharderthanourheart.B．Whenourbrainsensesthespinning，wewillfeeldizzy.C．Thebrainsoftheothermammalsareascomplexasthoseofhumans.D．Ourfeelingsandemotionscomefromthemostdevelopedareainourbrain.解析细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的第三句“But，inthelongrun，yourbrain...”可知答案为A项。此题最易误选B项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于“你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。答案A4．Whatisthemainpurposeoftheselection?A．Togiveadviceonhowtostayhealthy.B．Toprovideinformationaboutourbody.C．Tochallengenewfindingsinmedicalresearch.D．Toreportthelatestdiscoveriesinmedicalscience.解析写作意图题。考生易误选D项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。故选择B项较全面。答案B社会现象类(2013·湖北，D)AGermanstudysuggeststhatpeoplewhoweretoooptimisticabouttheirfutureactuallyfacedgreaterriskofdisabilityordeathwithin10yearsthanthosepessimistswhoexpectedtheirfuturetobeworse.Thepaper,publishedthisMarchinPsychologyandAging,examinedhealthandwelfaresurveysfromroughly40,000Germansbetweenages18and96.Thesurveyswereconductedeveryyearfrom1993to2003.Surveyrespondents(受访者)wereaskedtoestimatetheirpresentandfuturelifesatisfactiononascaleof0to10,amongotherquestions.Theresearchersfoundthatyoungadults(age18to39)routinelyoverestimatedtheirfuturelifesatisfaction,whilemiddle­agedadults(age40to64)moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.Adultsof65andolder,however,werefarmorelikelytounderestimatetheirfuturelifesatisfaction.Notonlydidtheyfeelmoresatisfiedthantheythoughttheywould,4theolderpessimistsseemedtosufferalowerratio(比率)ofdisabilityanddeathforthestudyperiod.“Weobservedthatbeingtoooptimisticinpredictingabetterfuturethanactuallyobservedwasassociatedwithagreaterriskofdisabilityandagreaterriskofdeathwithinthefollowingdecade，”wroteFriederR．Lang,aprofessorattheUniversityofErlangen­Nuremberg.Langandhiscolleagu