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2014高考英语文章阅读类：2013暑假练习题（17）及答案解析第二部分：阅读理解（第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。（A）（文章选自ChinaDaily，题目原创）XI'AN-China'sconservationworkfortheendangeredcrestedibis（朱鹮）isfacingnewchallenges,includinganincreasingdeathrateduetoinbreeding（同系繁殖）,andtheconflictbetweentheneedtoexpandnaturalhabitatsandlocalcommunities'economicinterests,birdexpertshavewarned.Thecrestedibis,oncewidespreadinJapan,China,RussiaandtheKoreanPeninsula,almostbecameextinctinthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury.Before1981,whensevencrestedibiswereaccidentallyfoundinYangxiancounty,inNorthwestChina'sShaanxiprovince,academicsthoughtthespecieshadbeenextinctinChinaforalmost17years.Duetothehugeeffortputintospeciesprotectionsince1981,thenumberofcrestedibisinChinahasrisentoanestimated1,617,including997inthewild,theStateForestryAdministrationsaidatameetingoncrestedibisprotectioninXi'anonMonday.However,althoughtheibispopulationexceeds1,000,thebirdsarestillnotfreefromthethreatofextinction,saidFangShengguo,directoroftheStateConservationCenterforGeneResourcesofEndangeredWildlifeatZhejiangUniversity.Ornithologistsusedinbreedingintheearlystagesofprotectionsothatnumbersofthepreciousbirdscouldincreasequickly,butthatmethodhadconsequences,Fangsaid.Studieshaveprovedthatasaresultofinbreeding,crestedibishavethelowestgeneticdiversityofallendangeredbirds,Fangsaid.Itmeansahighdeathrateandmorephysicaldefectsforhatchedchicks.Thegovernmentshouldcollectgeneticinformationfromallcrestedibisandestablishageneticdatabaseassoonaspossible,thendesignascientificmatingplanforthespecies,Fangsaid.Sofar,about90percentofcrestedibisliveinShaanxiprovince,andfewerthan140ibisliveinthreezoosinotherpartsofthecountry,includingBeijingZoo,accordingtoLiuDongping,anassistantresearcherattheNationalBirdBandingCenterofChina,whichisaffiliatedtotheChineseAcademyofForestry.Thebirdhaslosttheabilitytomigrate,hesaid,addingthatifanunexpectednaturaldisasteroccurredinShaanxiprovinceoraninfectiousdiseasespreadthroughthearea,theibispopulationcouldbegreatlyreduced.Expertsalsowarnedthattheincreasedpopulationofibis,whetherinthewildorincaptivity,requiresalargerandmorevariednaturalhabitat.Rampanthunting,themassivelossofhabitatcausedbydeforestationandtheoveruseofpesticides,whichkilledaquatic(水生的)insectsonwhichtheibisfeed,arebelievedtobethemainreasonsforthesharpreductionintheibispopulationbefore1981.So,in1983,aState-levelnaturalreservewassetupinShaanxiprovincetoprotectthebird.Butthestruggleforlivingspacebetweenhumanandanimalhasneverstopped,saidLuBaozhong,deputydirectoroftheShaanxiCrestedIbisConservationStation.Forexample,ibisoftenlookforloachesinfarmers'ricefields.Sometimestheirclawstramplethericeseedlings.Inanothercase,villagersdiscoveredsomelandwithabundantmineralresourceswhichhappenedtobeahabitatforibis,saidLu,whohasdevoted30yearstoibisprotection.Along-termwin-winsolutionforibisandlocalcommunitiesneedstobedeveloped,onethatwouldprovideecologicalcompensationforlocalresidents,Lusaid.49.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheRareBirdinChinaB．NewProblemsfortheCrestedIbisC．TheWaytoSavetheCrestedIbisD．TheReasonfortheCrestedIbis’sExtinction50.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?A．ThecrestedibisisanativeofChina.B．Before1981,thecrestedibiswasextinctinChina.C．Thecrestedibisisnowfreefromthethreatofextinction.[来源:学科网ZXXK]D．MostofthecrestedibisareinShaanxiprovince.51.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“Ornithologists”?A．thepersonswhostudythebirdsB．thepersonsintheStateForestryAdministration[来源:学科网ZXXK]C．thepersonswhokeepthebirdsD．thepersonswhokillthebirds52.Whydidtheexpertsadoptthewayofinbreedingtoprotectthecrestedibis?A．Toincreasethedeathrate.B．Toincreasethenumberofthecrestedibis.C．Togetmorephysicaldefectsforhatchedchicks[来源:Zxxk.Com]D．Tohavethelowestdiversityoftheendangeredbird.53.Whatmaybethereasonforthereductioninthepopulationofthecrestedibisbefore1981?A．inbreedingB．economicdevelopmentC．overhuntingD．sandstorm54.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Duetoourgreatefforts,thecrestedibislivesinthewildwell.B．Scientistswillchooseabetterhabitatforthecrestedibis.C．Theproblemsofthecrestedibishavenotbeensolvednow.D．Thegovernmenthasestablishedageneticdatabaseofthecrestedibis.（B）（文章选自ChinaDaily，略有删减，题目原创）Awinnerofthe2011L'Oreal-UNESCOForWomeninScienceAwards,ProfessorVivianWing-wahYamsaysshecouldnothavedoneitwithoutthebackingofherfamily.TheroadtoscientificdiscoveryistougherforwomenthanformenandProfessorVivianWing-wahYamsaysshecouldn'thavesucceededwithoutsuchasupportivefamily.The47-year-oldfromHongKongUniversitywasoneoffivewomenscientists,fromeachcontinent,toreceivethe2011L'Oreal-UNESCOForWomeninScienceAwardsataceremonyonMarch3,atUNESCOHeadquartersinParis.Itisthe13theditionoftheawardsince1998.Yam'slongandfruitfulresearchonsolvingtheenergyproblemwonhertheprizeforAsiaandthePacific.Thereareseveralrenewableandsustainable（可持续的）energysolutions,likesolarpower,whichcouldprovideanunlimitedsourceofenergy.Someproblemsmustberesolved,however,suchasthelowefficiencyofsolarcellsandtheirhighsupplycosts.Yamandhercolleag