2014高考英语阅读理解巩固练习(47)

-1-2014高考英语阅读理解巩固练习（47）及答案阅读理解Peoplediettolookmoreattractive.Fishdiettoavoidbeingbeatenup,thrownoutoftheirsocialgroup,andgettingeatenasaresult.ThatisthefascinatingconclusionofthelatestresearchintofishbehaviorbyateamofAustralianscientists.Theresearchteamhavediscoveredthatsubordinatefishvoluntarilydiettoavoidchallengingtheirlargercompetitors.“Instudyinggobieswenoticedthatonlythelargesttwoindividuals,amaleandfemale，hadbreeding(繁殖)rightswithintheeachbeing5～10%smallerthanitsnextlargestcompetitor.Wewantedtofindouthowtheymaintainthisprecisesizeseparation.”Thereasonforthesizedifferencewaseasytosee.Onceasubordinatefishgrows，itcausesafightwhichusuallyendsinthesmallergobybeingdrivenawayfromthegroup.Moreoftenthannot,the_evicted_fish_istheneatenup.Itappearedthatthesmallerfishwerekeepingthemselvessmallinordertoavoidchallengingthebossfish.Whethertheydidsovoluntarily，byrestraininghowmuchtheyate,wasnotclear.Theresearchteamdecidedtodoanexperiment.Theytriedtofattenupsomeofthesubordinategobiestoseewhathappened.Totheirsurprise，thegobiessimplyrefusedtheextrafoodtheywereoffered，clearlypreferringtoremainsmallandavoidfights,overhavingafeast.Thediscoverychallengesthetraditionalscientificviewofhowbossindividualskeeptheirpositioninagroup.Previouslyitwasthoughtthatlargeindividualssimplyusedtheirweightandsizetothreatentheirsubordinatesandtakemoreofthefoodforthemselves，sokeepingtheircompetitorssmall.Whilethehabitsofgobiesmayseemalittlemysterious,Dr.Wongexplainsthatunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweenbossandsubordinateanimalsisimportanttounderstandinghowhierarchical(等级的)societiesremainstable.-2-Theresearchhasprovedthefactthatvoluntarydietingisahabitfarfromexclusivetohumans.“Asyet,welackacompleteunderstandingofhowwidespreadthevoluntaryreductionoffoodintakeisinnature，”theresearcherscomment.“Dataonhumandietingsuggeststhat，whilehumansgenerallydiettoimprovehealthorincreasefemalesthatarefatterthanthefemales’ownideal.”【文章大意概括】人们节食是为了更有魅力。令鱼类专家们惊奇的是有种鱼也要节食。实验发现它们节食可不是为了美，而是为了自我保护。如果身体大小吸引到竞争者的注意，会有被殴打、驱逐，最后被吃掉的危险。1、．A.facesdangerB.hasbreedingrightsC.eatsitscompetitorD.leavesthegroupitself【详解剖析】推理判断题。从第三段可得知如果身体大小超过权威的规定范围，会有被殴打、驱逐最后被吃掉的危险。【最佳选项】A2、、Theunderlinedwords“theevictedfish”inParagraph3referto________.A.thefishbeatenupB.thefishfoundoutC.thefishfattenedupD.thefishdrivenaway【详解剖析】猜测词义题。从本段前文可知，体积超标的鱼会被赶出鱼群。接着说到，不仅如此，这些鱼往往会被吃掉。这些鱼一定是指被驱逐的鱼。【最佳选项】D3、、Theexperimentshowedthatthesmallerfish________.A.foughtoverafeastB.wentondietwillinglyC.preferredsomeextrafoodD.challengedthebossfish【详解剖析】事实细节题。从第四段中的试验可得知这些鱼是自愿节食。【最佳选项】B4、、Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Fishdietingandhumandieting.-3-B.Dietingandhealth.C.Humandieting.D.Fishdieting.【详解剖析】主旨大意题。文章通篇都是围绕鱼的节食来叙述。故选D。【最佳选项】D2237WestPalmdaleBoulevardFresno,California93706AmToyCorporationSuite15TransAmBuildingSanFrancisco,California94115November20,2008DearSirs，Asaconcernedparent,IamwritingtoprotestyourrecentadvertisementforCalifornia.Specifically,Iamreferringtonewspaperandmagazineads(attachedtothisletter)publishedtheweekofNovember15.Childrenrespondtoyourtypeofadvertisinginanimmatureway；thatis,theyareyourproductisviolentinnature.Youradvertisementgiveschildrentheimpressionthatit’sfinetohave“twogunsandlasereyes.”Youalsosuggestthatchildrenneedyourtoytoprotectthem“whenyougooutside.”Thisisnotahealthyattitudeforchildrentohave.Ihopeyouwillstopadvertisingyourproductinsuchawaythatmayharmourchildren.Sincerelyyours，-4-(Mrs.)AlmaHernandezPresident,ParentsforNonviolentToysEnc.Everyboydreamsofbeingincontrolofarobot,andAmToycanmakeyouristheworld’sfirstfullyautomaticrobotfriendathome.Hecanwalk,talk,andevenshakeyourhand!Hehastwogunsandlasereyestohelpyoudefendyourselfwhenyougooutsidewithhim.whichiscomingupsoon.ImaginethatyouareincontrolofyourfriendforAvailableatalltoystoresanddepartmentstoresNOW!【文章大意概括】本文是家长写给一家玩具公司的一封抗议信，反对该公司有误导倾向的广告及有暴力倾向的产品。1．Whatisthepurposeoftheletter?A.Tocomplainaboutabrokentoy.B.Toopposetheadvertising.C.ToorderagiftforChristmas.D.Toapplyforajobinatoycompany.【详解剖析】推理判断题。通读文章可知，写这封信的意图是反对这家公司所做的具有暴力倾向和有误导之嫌的广告，故选B。【最佳选项】B2．A.Itiscontrolledbyradiowaves.B.Itisexpensivetobuy.-5-C.Itis80centimeterstall.D.Itbearsarms.【详解剖析】事实细节题。由第二部分第一段倒数第二句Hehastwogunsandlasereyes...可知这玩具持有武器。【最佳选项】D3．Whatdoes“Enc.”attheendofthelettermean?A.Somethingattachedtotheletter.B.Acomplainttothetoycompany.C.Ahiddenmessage.D.Anencouragingresponse.【详解剖析】猜测词义题。由下面的附加广告可以推出该词的含义为“附文”。【最佳选项】A4．A.sittingdownB.shakinghandsC.talkingD.walking【详解剖析】事实细节题。由第二部分第一段倒数第三句描述该电动机器人的Hecanwalk，talk，andevenshakeyourhand！可知四个选项中只有A没有提及，故选A。【最佳选项】A(2011·江西卷，A)“Mum，whatdoesitmeanwhensomeonetellsyouthattheyhaveaskeleton(骨骼)inthecloset(衣橱)？”Jessicaasked.“Askeletoninthecloset？”hermotherpausedthoughtfully,“Well,it'ssomethingthatyouwouldrathernothaveanyoneelseknowabout.Forexample,ifinthepast,someoneinDad'sfamilyhadbeenarrestedforstealingahorse,itwouldbe‘askeletoninhisfamily'scloset’.Hereallywouldn'twantanyneighbortokonwaboutit.”“Whypickonmyfamily？”Jessica'sfathersaidwithanger.“Yourfamilyhistoryisn'tsogood,youknow.Wasn'tyourgreat­great­grandfatheraprisonerw